Implement OpenSSH strict key exchange extension

[hpoettker]

Resolves #916

The PR implements the algorithm described in section 1.9 of https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/blob/master/PROTOCOL and also follows the changes implemented in the commit https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commit/1edb00c58f8a6875fad6a497aa2bacf37f9e6cd5.

All tests are successful. The integration tests work both against the current container and a custom built container with OpenSSH 9.6p1. When run against the latter, the log also show that the resets of sequence numbers are happening, and working correctly as otherwise ChaCha20-Poly1305 should break.

The jsch fork of mwiede also implemented config switches to disable or enforce the strict key exchange extension. But I'm not sure whether it makes sense to maintain such flags long term when OpenSSH itself doesn't have them: https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/pull/461

The Terrapin Scanner referenced in #916 is happy, but I think it only checks whether the additional pseudo-key exchange kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com is being advertised by the client:

================================================================================
==================================== Report ====================================
================================================================================

Remote Banner: SSH-2.0-SSHJ_0.18.0

ChaCha20-Poly1305 support:   true
CBC-EtM support:             true

Strict key exchange support: true

==> The scanned peer supports Terrapin mitigations and can establish
    connections that are NOT VULNERABLE to Terrapin. Glad to see this.
    For strict key exchange to take effect, both peers must support it.

Note: This tool is provided as is, with no warranty whatsoever. It determines
      the vulnerability of a peer by checking the supported algorithms and
      support for strict key exchange. It may falsely claim a peer to be
      vulnerable if the vendor supports countermeasures other than strict key
      exchange.

For more details visit our website available at https://terrapin-attack.com

[hierynomus]

Thanks for the PR. It would be great to have some unit and/or integration tests attached!

[hpoettker]

Yes, I still need to find a good approach for them. 😄

The integration tests cover most of the changes automatically, but the interesting bits only if the openssh version is new enough. I'll have a look whether there is a way to test things specifically, e.g. by assertions on the logs. Unit tests that are not too brittle might be harder.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 17 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (50c753d) 68.85% compared to head (94fcc96) 68.77%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
.../java/net/schmizz/sshj/transport/KeyExchanger.java	47.05%	6 Missing and 3 partials :warning:
...java/net/schmizz/sshj/transport/TransportImpl.java	37.50%	2 Missing and 3 partials :warning:
...ain/java/net/schmizz/sshj/transport/Converter.java	0.00%	2 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #917 +/- ## ============================================ - Coverage 68.85% 68.77% -0.09% - Complexity 1430 1438 +8 ============================================ Files 208 208 Lines 7574 7602 +28 Branches 651 658 +7 ============================================ + Hits 5215 5228 +13 - Misses 2012 2019 +7 - Partials 347 355 +8 ```

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[hpoettker]

I updated the alpine base image for the integration tests to 3.19.0 so that they now use OpenSSH 9.6. I also added an integration test that makes specific assertions on the logs.

[hierynomus]

Great work! I'm going to merge it.