Support LowCardinality series datatype in getMetadata().getColumns() function

Environment

OS version:

~ # uname -a                                                          
Linux VM-152-173-centos 5.4.203-1-tlinux4-0011.1 #1 SMP Tue Apr 18 16:47:40 CST 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

JDK version:

~ # java -version                                                
openjdk version "1.8.0_292"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (Tencent Kona 8.0.6-internal) (build 1.8.0_292-b2)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (Tencent Kona 8.0.6-internal) (build 25.292-b2, mixed mode, sharing)

ClickHouse Server version:

~ # clickhouse-client --host <host-addr> --port <port>             
ClickHouse client version 22.2.2.1.
Connecting to <host-addr> as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 22.1.3 revision 54455.

ClickHouse Native JDBC version: https://github.com/housepower/ClickHouse-Native-JDBC/commit/c119dd5a9e1fee479f786ff3bd917206ea7a7dd8
(Optional) Spark version: N/A
(Optional) Other components' version: N/A

Error logs

I encountered below exception when my code execute connection.getMetaData().getColumns jdbc function.

Exception in thread "main" java.sql.SQLException: Unknown data type: LowCardinality
    at com.github.housepower.misc.Validate.isTrue(Validate.java:41)
    at com.github.housepower.data.DataTypeFactory.get(DataTypeFactory.java:104)
    at com.github.housepower.data.DataTypeFactory.get(DataTypeFactory.java:66)
    at com.github.housepower.jdbc.ClickHouseDatabaseMetadata.getColumns(ClickHouseDatabaseMetadata.java:912)
    at examples.SimpleQuery.main(SimpleQuery.java:30)

Steps to reproduce

Create clickhouse table

Execute below ddl statement in default database to create a table with a LowCardinality(String) datatype.

CREATE TABLE test1 
( 
    user_id UInt32, 
    message LowCardinality(String)
) 
ENGINE = MergeTree() 
order by tuple()

Insert data

Insert some rows into this table

INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'a') ;
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (2, 'b') ;
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (3, 'c') ;

Create java demo

Create a java demo to test getColumn() function, and above exception occurs when running the demo.

public class SimpleQuery {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:clickhouse://<ip>:<port>?client_name=ck-example")) {
            ResultSet columnsMetadata = connection.getMetaData().getColumns(null, "default", "test1", null);
            while (columnsMetadata.next()) {
                System.out.println("DATA_TYPE" + "\t" + JDBCType.valueOf(columnsMetadata.getInt("DATA_TYPE")).getName());
                System.out.println("COLUMN_NAME" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("COLUMN_NAME"));
                System.out.println("DECIMAL_DIGITS" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("DECIMAL_DIGITS"));
                System.out.println("IS_NULLABLE" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("IS_NULLABLE"));
                System.out.println("IS_AUTOINCREMENT" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("IS_AUTOINCREMENT"));
                System.out.println("COLUMN_DEF" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("COLUMN_DEF"));
                System.out.println("COLUMN_SIZE" + "\t" + columnsMetadata.getString("COLUMN_SIZE"));
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }
}

Other descriptions

I think this exception is because SQLLexer.bareWord() function will parse first alphabetic word as datatype. When given a data type LowCardinality(String), then for-loop iteration in the bareWord function will encounter first left bracket and return. So that LowCardinality will be regarded as dataTypeName in IDataType<?, ?> get function, and cannot be parsed as known data type.

214e194d9020 :) SELECT database, table, name, type, default_kind as default_type, default_expression FROM system.columns where database LIKE '%default%' and table like '%test1%'; 

SELECT
    database,
    table,
    name,
    type,
    default_kind AS default_type,
    default_expression
FROM system.columns
WHERE (database LIKE '%default%') AND (table LIKE '%test1%')

Query id: 38741dd5-06d0-42aa-8199-970d498a0f92

┌─database─┬─table─┬─name────┬─type───────────────────┬─default_type─┬─default_expression─┐
│ default  │ test1 │ user_id │ UInt32                 │              │                    │
│ default  │ test1 │ message │ LowCardinality(String) │              │                    │
└──────────┴───────┴─────────┴────────────────────────┴──────────────┴────────────────────┘

2 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.

I think we can add a LowCardinality param check in public static IDataType<?, ?> get function. We can check if current parsed dataTypeName is LowCardinality. If so, we can make pos cursor forward and return inner data type recursively. Examples below:

    public static IDataType<?, ?> get(SQLLexer lexer, NativeContext.ServerContext serverContext) throws SQLException {
        String dataTypeName = String.valueOf(lexer.bareWord());

        if (dataTypeName.equalsIgnoreCase("Tuple")) {
           ...
        } else if (dataTypeName.equalsIgnoreCase("Array")) {
           ...
        }  ...
        else if (dataTypeName.equalsIgnoreCase("LowCardinality")){
            Validate.isTrue(lexer.character() == '(');
            IDataType<?, ?> nestedDataType = DataTypeFactory.get(lexer, serverContext);
            Validate.isTrue(lexer.character() == ')');
            return nestedDataType;
        } else {
            IDataType<?, ?> dataType = dataTypes.get(dataTypeName.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
            Validate.isTrue(dataType != null, "Unknown data type: " + dataTypeName);
            return dataType;
        }
    }

Are there any suggestions? And if this issue is reasonable, I can also make a PR.

housepower / ClickHouse-Native-JDBC