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This PR pins django to the latest release 3.2.1.
Changelog
### 3.2.1 ``` ========================== *May 4, 2021* Django 3.2.1 fixes a security issue and several bugs in 3.2. CVE-2021-31542: Potential directory-traversal via uploaded files ================================================================ ``MultiPartParser``, ``UploadedFile``, and ``FieldFile`` allowed directory-traversal via uploaded files with suitably crafted file names. In order to mitigate this risk, stricter basename and path sanitation is now applied. Specifically, empty file names and paths with dot segments will be rejected. Bugfixes ======== * Corrected detection of GDAL 3.2 on Windows (:ticket:`32544`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where subclasses of ``BigAutoField`` and ``SmallAutoField`` were not allowed for the :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` setting (:ticket:`32620`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that caused a crash of ``QuerySet.values()/values_list()`` after ``QuerySet.union()``, ``intersection()``, and ``difference()`` when it was ordered by an unannotated field (:ticket:`32627`). * Restored, following a regression in Django 3.2, displaying an exception message on the technical 404 debug page (:ticket:`32637`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where a system check would crash on a reverse one-to-one relationships in ``CheckConstraint.check`` or ``UniqueConstraint.condition`` (:ticket:`32635`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that caused a crash of :attr:`.ModelAdmin.search_fields` when searching against phrases with unbalanced quotes (:ticket:`32649`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where variable lookup errors were logged rendering the sitemap template if alternates were not defined (:ticket:`32648`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that caused a crash when combining ``Q()`` objects which contains boolean expressions (:ticket:`32548`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that caused a crash of ``QuerySet.update()`` on a queryset ordered by inherited or joined fields on MySQL and MariaDB (:ticket:`32645`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that caused a crash when decoding a cookie value, used by ``django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie.CookieStorage``, in the pre-Django 3.2 format (:ticket:`32643`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 that stopped the shift-key modifier selecting multiple rows in the admin changelist (:ticket:`32647`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where a system check would crash on the :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` setting with a list of 2-tuples of ``(prefix, path)`` (:ticket:`32665`). * Fixed a long standing bug involving queryset bitwise combination when used with subqueries that began manifesting in Django 3.2, due to a separate fix using ``Exists`` to ``exclude()`` multi-valued relationships (:ticket:`32650`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where variable lookup errors were logged when rendering some admin templates (:ticket:`32681`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.2 where an admin changelist would crash when deleting objects filtered against multi-valued relationships (:ticket:`32682`). The admin changelist now uses ``Exists()`` instead ``QuerySet.distinct()`` because calling ``delete()`` after ``distinct()`` is not allowed in Django 3.2 to address a data loss possibility. * Fixed a regression in Django 3.2 where the calling process environment would not be passed to the ``dbshell`` command on PostgreSQL (:ticket:`32687`). * Fixed a performance regression in Django 3.2 when building complex filters with subqueries (:ticket:`32632`). As a side-effect the private API to check ``django.db.sql.query.Query`` equality is removed. ======================== ``` ### 3.2 ``` ======================== *April 6, 2021* Welcome to Django 3.2! These release notes cover the :ref:`new features <whats-new-3.2>`, as well as some :ref:`backwards incompatible changes <backwards-incompatible-3.2>` you'll want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 3.1 or earlier. We've :ref:`begun the deprecation process for some features <deprecated-features-3.2>`. See the :doc:`/howto/upgrade-version` guide if you're updating an existing project. Django 3.2 is designated as a :term:`long-term support release <Long-term support release>`. It will receive security updates for at least three years after its release. Support for the previous LTS, Django 2.2, will end in April 2022. Python compatibility ==================== Django 3.2 supports Python 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9. We **highly recommend** and only officially support the latest release of each series. .. _whats-new-3.2: What's new in Django 3.2 ======================== Automatic :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` discovery --------------------------------------------------- Most pluggable applications define an :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass in an ``apps.py`` submodule. Many define a ``default_app_config`` variable pointing to this class in their ``__init__.py``. When the ``apps.py`` submodule exists and defines a single :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass, Django now uses that configuration automatically, so you can remove ``default_app_config``. ``default_app_config`` made it possible to declare only the application's path in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` (e.g. ``'django.contrib.admin'``) rather than the app config's path (e.g. ``'django.contrib.admin.apps.AdminConfig'``). It was introduced for backwards-compatibility with the former style, with the intent to switch the ecosystem to the latter, but the switch didn't happen. With automatic ``AppConfig`` discovery, ``default_app_config`` is no longer needed. As a consequence, it's deprecated. See :ref:`configuring-applications-ref` for full details. Customizing type of auto-created primary keys --------------------------------------------- When defining a model, if no field in a model is defined with :attr:`primary_key=True <django.db.models.Field.primary_key>` an implicit primary key is added. The type of this implicit primary key can now be controlled via the :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` setting and :attr:`AppConfig.default_auto_field <django.apps.AppConfig.default_auto_field>` attribute. No more needing to override primary keys in all models. Maintaining the historical behavior, the default value for :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` is :class:`~django.db.models.AutoField`. Starting with 3.2 new projects are generated with :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` set to :class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`. Also, new apps are generated with :attr:`AppConfig.default_auto_field <django.apps.AppConfig.default_auto_field>` set to :class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`. In a future Django release the default value of :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` will be changed to :class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`. To avoid unwanted migrations in the future, either explicitly set :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` to :class:`~django.db.models.AutoField`:: DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.AutoField' or configure it on a per-app basis:: from django.apps import AppConfig class MyAppConfig(AppConfig): default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.AutoField' name = 'my_app' or on a per-model basis:: from django.db import models class MyModel(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) In anticipation of the changing default, a system check will provide a warning if you do not have an explicit setting for :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD`. When changing the value of :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD`, migrations for the primary key of existing auto-created through tables cannot be generated currently. See the :setting:`DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD` docs for details on migrating such tables. .. _new_functional_indexes: Functional indexes ------------------ The new :attr:`*expressions <django.db.models.Index.expressions>` positional argument of :class:`Index() <django.db.models.Index>` enables creating functional indexes on expressions and database functions. For example:: from django.db import models from django.db.models import F, Index, Value from django.db.models.functions import Lower, Upper class MyModel(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=255) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=255) height = models.IntegerField() weight = models.IntegerField() class Meta: indexes = [ Index( Lower('first_name'), Upper('last_name').desc(), name='first_last_name_idx', ), Index( F('height') / (F('weight') + Value(5)), name='calc_idx', ), ] Functional indexes are added to models using the :attr:`Meta.indexes <django.db.models.Options.indexes>` option. ``pymemcache`` support ---------------------- The new ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyMemcacheCache`` cache backend allows using the pymemcache_ library for memcached. ``pymemcache`` 3.4.0 or higher is required. For more details, see the :doc:`documentation on caching in Django </topics/cache>`. .. _pymemcache: https://pypi.org/project/pymemcache/ New decorators for the admin site --------------------------------- The new :func:`~django.contrib.admin.display` decorator allows for easily adding options to custom display functions that can be used with :attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.list_display` or :attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`. Likewise, the new :func:`~django.contrib.admin.action` decorator allows for easily adding options to action functions that can be used with :attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.actions`. Using the ``display`` decorator has the advantage that it is now possible to use the ``property`` decorator when needing to specify attributes on the custom method. Prior to this it was necessary to use the ``property()`` function instead after assigning the required attributes to the method. Using decorators has the advantage that these options are more discoverable as they can be suggested by completion utilities in code editors. They are merely a convenience and still set the same attributes on the functions under the hood. Minor features -------------- :mod:`django.contrib.admin` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :attr:`.ModelAdmin.search_fields` now allows searching against quoted phrases with spaces. * Read-only related fields are now rendered as navigable links if target models are registered in the admin. * The admin now supports theming, and includes a dark theme that is enabled according to browser settings. See :ref:`admin-theming` for more details. * :attr:`.ModelAdmin.autocomplete_fields` now respects :attr:`ForeignKey.to_field <django.db.models.ForeignKey.to_field>` and :attr:`ForeignKey.limit_choices_to <django.db.models.ForeignKey.limit_choices_to>` when searching a related model. * The admin now installs a final catch-all view that redirects unauthenticated users to the login page, regardless of whether the URL is otherwise valid. This protects against a potential model enumeration privacy issue. Although not recommended, you may set the new :attr:`.AdminSite.final_catch_all_view` to ``False`` to disable the catch-all view. :mod:`django.contrib.auth` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher is increased from 216,000 to 260,000. * The default variant for the Argon2 password hasher is changed to Argon2id. ``memory_cost`` and ``parallelism`` are increased to 102,400 and 8 respectively to match the ``argon2-cffi`` defaults. Increasing the ``memory_cost`` pushes the required memory from 512 KB to 100 MB. This is still rather conservative but can lead to problems in memory constrained environments. If this is the case, the existing hasher can be subclassed to override the defaults. * The default salt entropy for the Argon2, MD5, PBKDF2, SHA-1 password hashers is increased from 71 to 128 bits. :mod:`django.contrib.contenttypes` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new ``absolute_max`` argument for :func:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.forms.generic_inlineformset_factory` allows customizing the maximum number of forms that can be instantiated when supplying ``POST`` data. See :ref:`formsets-absolute-max` for more details. * The new ``can_delete_extra`` argument for :func:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.forms.generic_inlineformset_factory` allows removal of the option to delete extra forms. See :attr:`~.BaseFormSet.can_delete_extra` for more information. :mod:`django.contrib.gis` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The :meth:`.GDALRaster.transform` method now supports :class:`~django.contrib.gis.gdal.SpatialReference`. * The :class:`~django.contrib.gis.gdal.DataSource` class now supports :class:`pathlib.Path`. * The :class:`~django.contrib.gis.utils.LayerMapping` class now supports :class:`pathlib.Path`. :mod:`django.contrib.postgres` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :attr:`.ExclusionConstraint.include` attribute allows creating covering exclusion constraints on PostgreSQL 12+. * The new :attr:`.ExclusionConstraint.opclasses` attribute allows setting PostgreSQL operator classes. * The new :attr:`.JSONBAgg.ordering` attribute determines the ordering of the aggregated elements. * The new :attr:`.JSONBAgg.distinct` attribute determines if aggregated values will be distinct. * The :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CreateExtension` operation now checks that the extension already exists in the database and skips the migration if so. * The new :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CreateCollation` and :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.RemoveCollation` operations allow creating and dropping collations on PostgreSQL. See :ref:`manage-postgresql-collations` for more details. * Lookups for :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.ArrayField` now allow (non-nested) arrays containing expressions as right-hand sides. * The new :class:`OpClass() <django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass>` expression allows creating functional indexes on expressions with a custom operator class. See :ref:`new_functional_indexes` for more details. :mod:`django.contrib.sitemaps` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :class:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap` attributes :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.alternates`, :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.languages` and :attr:`~django.contrib.sitemaps.Sitemap.x_default` allow generating sitemap *alternates* to localized versions of your pages. :mod:`django.contrib.syndication` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new ``item_comments`` hook allows specifying a comments URL per feed item. Database backends ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Third-party database backends can now skip or mark as expected failures tests in Django's test suite using the new ``DatabaseFeatures.django_test_skips`` and ``django_test_expected_failures`` attributes. Decorators ~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :func:`~django.views.decorators.common.no_append_slash` decorator allows individual views to be excluded from :setting:`APPEND_SLASH` URL normalization. Error Reporting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Custom :class:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter` subclasses can now define the :attr:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter.html_template_path` and :attr:`~django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter.text_template_path` properties to override the templates used to render exception reports. File Uploads ~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :meth:`FileUploadHandler.upload_interrupted() <django.core.files.uploadhandler.FileUploadHandler.upload_interrupted>` callback allows handling interrupted uploads. Forms ~~~~~ * The new ``absolute_max`` argument for :func:`.formset_factory`, :func:`.inlineformset_factory`, and :func:`.modelformset_factory` allows customizing the maximum number of forms that can be instantiated when supplying ``POST`` data. See :ref:`formsets-absolute-max` for more details. * The new ``can_delete_extra`` argument for :func:`.formset_factory`, :func:`.inlineformset_factory`, and :func:`.modelformset_factory` allows removal of the option to delete extra forms. See :attr:`~.BaseFormSet.can_delete_extra` for more information. * :class:`~django.forms.formsets.BaseFormSet` now reports a user facing error, rather than raising an exception, when the management form is missing or has been tampered with. To customize this error message, pass the ``error_messages`` argument with the key ``'missing_management_form'`` when instantiating the formset. Generic Views ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The ``week_format`` attributes of :class:`~django.views.generic.dates.WeekMixin` and :class:`~django.views.generic.dates.WeekArchiveView` now support the ``'%V'`` ISO 8601 week format. Management Commands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :djadmin:`loaddata` now supports fixtures stored in XZ archives (``.xz``) and LZMA archives (``.lzma``). * :djadmin:`dumpdata` now can compress data in the ``bz2``, ``gz``, ``lzma``, or ``xz`` formats. * :djadmin:`makemigrations` can now be called without an active database connection. In that case, check for a consistent migration history is skipped. * :attr:`.BaseCommand.requires_system_checks` now supports specifying a list of tags. System checks registered in the chosen tags will be checked for errors prior to executing the command. In previous versions, either all or none of the system checks were performed. * Support for colored terminal output on Windows is updated. Various modern terminal environments are automatically detected, and the options for enabling support in other cases are improved. See :ref:`syntax-coloring` for more details. Migrations ~~~~~~~~~~ * The new ``Operation.migration_name_fragment`` property allows providing a filename fragment that will be used to name a migration containing only that operation. * Migrations now support serialization of pure and concrete path objects from :mod:`pathlib`, and :class:`os.PathLike` instances. Models ~~~~~~ * The new ``no_key`` parameter for :meth:`.QuerySet.select_for_update()`, supported on PostgreSQL, allows acquiring weaker locks that don't block the creation of rows that reference locked rows through a foreign key. * :class:`When() <django.db.models.expressions.When>` expression now allows using the ``condition`` argument with ``lookups``. * The new :attr:`.Index.include` and :attr:`.UniqueConstraint.include` attributes allow creating covering indexes and covering unique constraints on PostgreSQL 11+. * The new :attr:`.UniqueConstraint.opclasses` attribute allows setting PostgreSQL operator classes. * The :meth:`.QuerySet.update` method now respects the ``order_by()`` clause on MySQL and MariaDB. * :class:`FilteredRelation() <django.db.models.FilteredRelation>` now supports nested relations. * The ``of`` argument of :meth:`.QuerySet.select_for_update()` is now allowed on MySQL 8.0.1+. * :class:`Value() <django.db.models.Value>` expression now automatically resolves its ``output_field`` to the appropriate :class:`Field <django.db.models.Field>` subclass based on the type of its provided ``value`` for :py:class:`bool`, :py:class:`bytes`, :py:class:`float`, :py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`, :py:class:`datetime.date`, :py:class:`datetime.datetime`, :py:class:`datetime.time`, :py:class:`datetime.timedelta`, :py:class:`decimal.Decimal`, and :py:class:`uuid.UUID` instances. As a consequence, resolving an ``output_field`` for database functions and combined expressions may now crash with mixed types when using ``Value()``. You will need to explicitly set the ``output_field`` in such cases. * The new :meth:`.QuerySet.alias` method allows creating reusable aliases for expressions that don't need to be selected but are used for filtering, ordering, or as a part of complex expressions. * The new :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Collate` function allows filtering and ordering by specified database collations. * The ``field_name`` argument of :meth:`.QuerySet.in_bulk()` now accepts distinct fields if there's only one field specified in :meth:`.QuerySet.distinct`. * The new ``tzinfo`` parameter of the :class:`~django.db.models.functions.TruncDate` and :class:`~django.db.models.functions.TruncTime` database functions allows truncating datetimes in a specific timezone. * The new ``db_collation`` argument for :attr:`CharField <django.db.models.CharField.db_collation>` and :attr:`TextField <django.db.models.TextField.db_collation>` allows setting a database collation for the field. * Added the :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Random` database function. * :ref:`aggregation-functions`, :class:`F() <django.db.models.F>`, :class:`OuterRef() <django.db.models.OuterRef>`, and other expressions now allow using transforms. See :ref:`using-transforms-in-expressions` for details. * The new ``durable`` argument for :func:`~django.db.transaction.atomic` guarantees that changes made in the atomic block will be committed if the block exits without errors. A nested atomic block marked as durable will raise a ``RuntimeError``. * Added the :class:`~django.db.models.functions.JSONObject` database function. Pagination ~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :meth:`django.core.paginator.Paginator.get_elided_page_range` method allows generating a page range with some of the values elided. If there are a large number of pages, this can be helpful for generating a reasonable number of page links in a template. Requests and Responses ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Response headers are now stored in :attr:`.HttpResponse.headers`. This can be used instead of the original dict-like interface of ``HttpResponse`` objects. Both interfaces will continue to be supported. See :ref:`setting-header-fields` for details. * The new ``headers`` parameter of :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse`, :class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse`, and :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse` allows setting response :attr:`~django.http.HttpResponse.headers` on instantiation. Security ~~~~~~~~ * The :setting:`SECRET_KEY` setting is now checked for a valid value upon first access, rather than when settings are first loaded. This enables running management commands that do not rely on the ``SECRET_KEY`` without needing to provide a value. As a consequence of this, calling :func:`~django.conf.settings.configure` without providing a valid ``SECRET_KEY``, and then going on to access ``settings.SECRET_KEY`` will now raise an :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured` exception. * The new ``Signer.sign_object()`` and ``Signer.unsign_object()`` methods allow signing complex data structures. See :ref:`signing-complex-data` for more details. Also, :func:`signing.dumps() <django.core.signing.dumps>` and :func:`~django.core.signing.loads` become shortcuts for :meth:`.TimestampSigner.sign_object` and :meth:`~.TimestampSigner.unsign_object`. Serialization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :ref:`JSONL <serialization-formats-jsonl>` serializer allows using the JSON Lines format with :djadmin:`dumpdata` and :djadmin:`loaddata`. This can be useful for populating large databases because data is loaded line by line into memory, rather than being loaded all at once. Signals ~~~~~~~ * :meth:`Signal.send_robust() <django.dispatch.Signal.send_robust>` now logs exceptions. Templates ~~~~~~~~~ * :tfilter:`floatformat` template filter now allows using the ``g`` suffix to force grouping by the :setting:`THOUSAND_SEPARATOR` for the active locale. * Templates cached with :ref:`Cached template loaders<template-loaders>` are now correctly reloaded in development. Tests ~~~~~ * Objects assigned to class attributes in :meth:`.TestCase.setUpTestData` are now isolated for each test method. Such objects are now required to support creating deep copies with :py:func:`copy.deepcopy`. Assigning objects which don't support ``deepcopy()`` is deprecated and will be removed in Django 4.1. * :class:`~django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner` now enables :py:mod:`faulthandler` by default. This can be disabled by using the :option:`test --no-faulthandler` option. * :class:`~django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner` and the :djadmin:`test` management command can now track timings, including database setup and total run time. This can be enabled by using the :option:`test --timing` option. * :class:`~django.test.Client` now preserves the request query string when following 307 and 308 redirects. * The new :meth:`.TestCase.captureOnCommitCallbacks` method captures callback functions passed to :func:`transaction.on_commit() <django.db.transaction.on_commit>` in a list. This allows you to test such callbacks without using the slower :class:`.TransactionTestCase`. * :meth:`.TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual` now supports direct comparison against another queryset rather than being restricted to comparison against a list of string representations of objects when using the default value for the ``transform`` argument. Utilities ~~~~~~~~~ * The new ``depth`` parameter of ``django.utils.timesince.timesince()`` and ``django.utils.timesince.timeuntil()`` functions allows specifying the number of adjacent time units to return. Validators ~~~~~~~~~~ * Built-in validators now include the provided value in the ``params`` argument of a raised :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.ValidationError`. This allows custom error messages to use the ``%(value)s`` placeholder. * The :class:`.ValidationError` equality operator now ignores ``messages`` and ``params`` ordering. .. _backwards-incompatible-3.2: Backwards incompatible changes in 3.2 ===================================== Database backend API -------------------- This section describes changes that may be needed in third-party database backends. * The new ``DatabaseFeatures.introspected_field_types`` property replaces these features: * ``can_introspect_autofield`` * ``can_introspect_big_integer_field`` * ``can_introspect_binary_field`` * ``can_introspect_decimal_field`` * ``can_introspect_duration_field`` * ``can_introspect_ip_address_field`` * ``can_introspect_positive_integer_field`` * ``can_introspect_small_integer_field`` * ``can_introspect_time_field`` * ``introspected_big_auto_field_type`` * ``introspected_small_auto_field_type`` * ``introspected_boolean_field_type`` * To enable support for covering indexes (:attr:`.Index.include`) and covering unique constraints (:attr:`.UniqueConstraint.include`), set ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_covering_indexes`` to ``True``. * Third-party database backends must implement support for column database collations on ``CharField``\s and ``TextField``\s or set ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_collation_on_charfield`` and ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_collation_on_textfield`` to ``False``. If non-deterministic collations are not supported, set ``supports_non_deterministic_collations`` to ``False``. * ``DatabaseOperations.random_function_sql()`` is removed in favor of the new :class:`~django.db.models.functions.Random` database function. * ``DatabaseOperations.date_trunc_sql()`` and ``DatabaseOperations.time_trunc_sql()`` now take the optional ``tzname`` argument in order to truncate in a specific timezone. * ``DatabaseClient.runshell()`` now gets arguments and an optional dictionary with environment variables to the underlying command-line client from ``DatabaseClient.settings_to_cmd_args_env()`` method. Third-party database backends must implement ``DatabaseClient.settings_to_cmd_args_env()`` or override ``DatabaseClient.runshell()``. * Third-party database backends must implement support for functional indexes (:attr:`.Index.expressions`) or set ``DatabaseFeatures.supports_expression_indexes`` to ``False``. If ``COLLATE`` is not a part of the ``CREATE INDEX`` statement, set ``DatabaseFeatures.collate_as_index_expression`` to ``True``. :mod:`django.contrib.admin` --------------------------- * Pagination links in the admin are now 1-indexed instead of 0-indexed, i.e. the query string for the first page is ``?p=1`` instead of ``?p=0``. * The new admin catch-all view will break URL patterns routed after the admin URLs and matching the admin URL prefix. You can either adjust your URL ordering or, if necessary, set :attr:`AdminSite.final_catch_all_view <django.contrib.admin.AdminSite.final_catch_all_view>` to ``False``, disabling the catch-all view. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2` for more details. * Minified JavaScript files are no longer included with the admin. If you require these files to be minified, consider using a third party app or external build tool. The minified vendored JavaScript files packaged with the admin (e.g. :ref:`jquery.min.js <contrib-admin-jquery>`) are still included. * :attr:`.ModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields` no longer strips English stop words, such as ``'a'`` or ``'an'``. :mod:`django.contrib.gis` ------------------------- * Support for PostGIS 2.2 is removed. * The Oracle backend now clones polygons (and geometry collections containing polygons) before reorienting them and saving them to the database. They are no longer mutated in place. You might notice this if you use the polygons after a model is saved. Dropped support for PostgreSQL 9.5 ---------------------------------- Upstream support for PostgreSQL 9.5 ends in February 2021. Django 3.2 supports PostgreSQL 9.6 and higher. Dropped support for MySQL 5.6 ----------------------------- The end of upstream support for MySQL 5.6 is April 2021. Django 3.2 supports MySQL 5.7 and higher. Miscellaneous ------------- * Django now supports non-``pytz`` time zones, such as Python 3.9+'s :mod:`zoneinfo` module and its backport. * The undocumented ``SpatiaLiteOperations.proj4_version()`` method is renamed to ``proj_version()``. * :func:`~django.utils.text.slugify` now removes leading and trailing dashes and underscores. * The :tfilter:`intcomma` and :tfilter:`intword` template filters no longer depend on the :setting:`USE_L10N` setting. * Support for ``argon2-cffi`` < 19.1.0 is removed. * The cache keys no longer includes the language when internationalization is disabled (``USE_I18N = False``) and localization is enabled (``USE_L10N = True``). After upgrading to Django 3.2 in such configurations, the first request to any previously cached value will be a cache miss. * ``ForeignKey.validate()`` now uses :attr:`~django.db.models.Model._base_manager` rather than :attr:`~django.db.models.Model._default_manager` to check that related instances exist. * When an application defines an :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass in an ``apps.py`` submodule, Django now uses this configuration automatically, even if it isn't enabled with ``default_app_config``. Set ``default = False`` in the :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` subclass if you need to prevent this behavior. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2` for more details. * Instantiating an abstract model now raises ``TypeError``. * Keyword arguments to :func:`~django.test.utils.setup_databases` are now keyword-only. * The undocumented ``django.utils.http.limited_parse_qsl()`` function is removed. Please use :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` instead. * ``django.test.utils.TestContextDecorator`` now uses :py:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` so that cleanups registered in the :py:meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` method are called before ``TestContextDecorator.disable()``. * ``SessionMiddleware`` now raises a :exc:`~django.contrib.sessions.exceptions.SessionInterrupted` exception instead of :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation` when a session is destroyed in a concurrent request. * The :class:`django.db.models.Field` equality operator now correctly distinguishes inherited field instances across models. Additionally, the ordering of such fields is now defined. * The undocumented ``django.core.files.locks.lock()`` function now returns ``False`` if the file cannot be locked, instead of raising :exc:`BlockingIOError`. * The password reset mechanism now invalidates tokens when the user email is changed. * :djadmin:`makemessages` command no longer processes invalid locales specified using :option:`makemessages --locale` option, when they contain hyphens (``'-'``). * The ``django.contrib.auth.forms.ReadOnlyPasswordHashField`` form field is now :attr:`~django.forms.Field.disabled` by default. Therefore ``UserChangeForm.clean_password()`` is no longer required to return the initial value. * The ``cache.get_many()``, ``get_or_set()``, ``has_key()``, ``incr()``, ``decr()``, ``incr_version()``, and ``decr_version()`` cache operations now correctly handle ``None`` stored in the cache, in the same way as any other value, instead of behaving as though the key didn't exist. Due to a ``python-memcached`` limitation, the previous behavior is kept for the deprecated ``MemcachedCache`` backend. * The minimum supported version of SQLite is increased from 3.8.3 to 3.9.0. * :class:`~django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie.CookieStorage` now stores messages in the :rfc:`6265` compliant format. Support for cookies that use the old format remains until Django 4.1. * The minimum supported version of ``asgiref`` is increased from 3.2.10 to 3.3.2. .. _deprecated-features-3.2: Features deprecated in 3.2 ========================== Miscellaneous ------------- * Assigning objects which don't support creating deep copies with :py:func:`copy.deepcopy` to class attributes in :meth:`.TestCase.setUpTestData` is deprecated. * Using a boolean value in :attr:`.BaseCommand.requires_system_checks` is deprecated. Use ``'__all__'`` instead of ``True``, and ``[]`` (an empty list) instead of ``False``. * The ``whitelist`` argument and ``domain_whitelist`` attribute of :class:`~django.core.validators.EmailValidator` are deprecated. Use ``allowlist`` instead of ``whitelist``, and ``domain_allowlist`` instead of ``domain_whitelist``. You may need to rename ``whitelist`` in existing migrations. * The ``default_app_config`` application configuration variable is deprecated, due to the now automatic ``AppConfig`` discovery. See :ref:`whats-new-3.2` for more details. * Automatically calling ``repr()`` on a queryset in ``TransactionTestCase.assertQuerysetEqual()``, when compared to string values, is deprecated. If you need the previous behavior, explicitly set ``transform`` to ``repr``. * The ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache`` backend is deprecated as ``python-memcached`` has some problems and seems to be unmaintained. Use ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyMemcacheCache`` or ``django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache`` instead. * The format of messages used by ``django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie.CookieStorage`` is different from the format generated by older versions of Django. Support for the old format remains until Django 4.1. ========================== ``` ### 3.1.9 ``` ========================== *May 4, 2021* Django 3.1.9 fixes a security issue in 3.1.8. CVE-2021-31542: Potential directory-traversal via uploaded files ================================================================ ``MultiPartParser``, ``UploadedFile``, and ``FieldFile`` allowed directory-traversal via uploaded files with suitably crafted file names. In order to mitigate this risk, stricter basename and path sanitation is now applied. Specifically, empty file names and paths with dot segments will be rejected. ========================== ``` ### 3.1.8 ``` ========================== *April 6, 2021* Django 3.1.8 fixes a security issue with severity "low" and a bug in 3.1.7. CVE-2021-28658: Potential directory-traversal via uploaded files ================================================================ ``MultiPartParser`` allowed directory-traversal via uploaded files with suitably crafted file names. Built-in upload handlers were not affected by this vulnerability. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed a bug in Django 3.1 where the output was hidden on a test error or failure when using :option:`test --pdb` with the :option:`--buffer <test --buffer>` option (:ticket:`32560`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.7 ``` ========================== *February 19, 2021* Django 3.1.7 fixes a security issue and a bug in 3.1.6. CVE-2021-23336: Web cache poisoning via ``django.utils.http.limited_parse_qsl()`` ================================================================================= Django contains a copy of :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` which was added to backport some security fixes. A further security fix has been issued recently such that ``parse_qsl()`` no longer allows using ``;`` as a query parameter separator by default. Django now includes this fix. See :bpo:`42967` for further details. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused ``RuntimeError`` instead of connection errors when using only the ``'postgres'`` database (:ticket:`32403`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.6 ``` ========================== *February 1, 2021* Django 3.1.6 fixes a security issue with severity "low" and a bug in 3.1.5. CVE-2021-3281: Potential directory-traversal via ``archive.extract()`` ====================================================================== The ``django.utils.archive.extract()`` function, used by :option:`startapp --template` and :option:`startproject --template`, allowed directory-traversal via an archive with absolute paths or relative paths with dot segments. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed an admin layout issue in Django 3.1 where changelist filter controls would become squashed (:ticket:`32391`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.5 ``` ========================== *January 4, 2021* Django 3.1.5 fixes several bugs in 3.1.4. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed ``__isnull=True`` lookup on key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` with Oracle and SQLite (:ticket:`32252`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.1 that caused a crash when processing middlewares in an async context with a middleware that raises a ``MiddlewareNotUsed`` exception (:ticket:`32299`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused the incorrect prefixing of ``STATIC_URL`` and ``MEDIA_URL`` settings, by the server-provided value of ``SCRIPT_NAME`` (or ``/`` if not set), when set to a URL specifying the protocol but without a top-level domain, e.g. ``http://myhost/`` (:ticket:`32304`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.4 ``` ========================== *December 1, 2020* Django 3.1.4 fixes several bugs in 3.1.3. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed setting the ``Content-Length`` HTTP header in ``AsyncRequestFactory`` (:ticket:`32162`). * Fixed passing extra HTTP headers to ``AsyncRequestFactory`` request methods (:ticket:`32159`). * Fixed crash of key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` on PostgreSQL when using on a ``Subquery()`` annotation (:ticket:`32182`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a crash of auto-reloader for certain invocations of ``runserver`` on Windows with Python 3.7 and below (:ticket:`32202`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused the incorrect grouping by a ``Q`` object annotation (:ticket:`32200`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused suppressing connection errors when :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` is used on SQLite (:ticket:`32224`). * Fixed a crash on SQLite, when ``QuerySet.values()/values_list()`` contained key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` returning non-string primitive values (:ticket:`32203`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.3 ``` ========================== *November 2, 2020* Django 3.1.3 fixes several bugs in 3.1.2 and adds compatibility with Python 3.9. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1.2 that caused the incorrect height of the admin changelist search bar (:ticket:`32072`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1.2 that caused the incorrect width of the admin changelist search bar on a filtered page (:ticket:`32091`). * Fixed displaying Unicode characters in :class:`forms.JSONField <django.forms.JSONField>` and read-only :class:`models.JSONField <django.db.models.JSONField>` values in the admin (:ticket:`32080`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a crash of :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.ArrayAgg` and :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.aggregates.StringAgg` with ``ordering`` on key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` (:ticket:`32096`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a crash of ``__in`` lookup when using key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` in the lookup value (:ticket:`32096`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a crash of :class:`~django.db.models.ExpressionWrapper` with key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` (:ticket:`32096`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a migrations crash on PostgreSQL when adding an :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint` with key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` in ``expressions`` (:ticket:`32096`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 where :exc:`ProtectedError.protected_objects <django.db.models.ProtectedError>` and :exc:`RestrictedError.restricted_objects <django.db.models.RestrictedError>` attributes returned iterators instead of :py:class:`set` of objects (:ticket:`32107`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1.2 that caused incorrect form input layout on small screens in the admin change form view (:ticket:`32069`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that invalidated pre-Django 3.1 password reset tokens (:ticket:`32130`). * Added support for ``asgiref`` 3.3 (:ticket:`32128`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused incorrect textarea layout on medium-sized screens in the admin change form view with the sidebar open (:ticket:`32127`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.0.7 that didn't use ``Subquery()`` aliases in the ``GROUP BY`` clause (:ticket:`32152`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.2 ``` ========================== *October 1, 2020* Django 3.1.2 fixes several bugs in 3.1.1. Bugfixes ======== * Fixed a bug in Django 3.1 where ``FileField`` instances with a callable storage were not correctly deconstructed (:ticket:`31941`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 where the :attr:`.QuerySet.ordered` attribute returned incorrectly ``True`` for ``GROUP BY`` queries (e.g. ``.annotate().values()``) on models with ``Meta.ordering``. A model's ``Meta.ordering`` doesn't affect such queries (:ticket:`31990`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 where a queryset would crash if it contained an aggregation and a ``Q`` object annotation (:ticket:`32007`). * Fixed a bug in Django 3.1 where a test database was not synced during creation when using the :setting:`MIGRATE <TEST_MIGRATE>` test database setting (:ticket:`32012`). * Fixed a ``django.contrib.admin.EmptyFieldListFilter`` crash when using on a ``GenericRelation`` (:ticket:`32038`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1.1 where the admin changelist filter sidebar would not scroll for a long list of available filters (:ticket:`31986`). ========================== ``` ### 3.1.1 ``` ========================== *September 1, 2020* Django 3.1.1 fixes two security issues and several bugs in 3.1. CVE-2020-24583: Incorrect permissions on intermediate-level directories on Python 3.7+ ====================================================================================== On Python 3.7+, :setting:`FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS` mode was not applied to intermediate-level directories created in the process of uploading files and to intermediate-level collected static directories when using the :djadmin:`collectstatic` management command. You should review and manually fix permissions on existing intermediate-level directories. CVE-2020-24584: Permission escalation in intermediate-level directories of the file system cache on Python 3.7+ =============================================================================================================== On Python 3.7+, the intermediate-level directories of the file system cache had the system's standard umask rather than ``0o077`` (no group or others permissions). Bugfixes ======== * Fixed wrapping of translated action labels in the admin's navigation sidebar for East Asian languages (:ticket:`31853`). * Fixed wrapping of long model names in the admin's navigation sidebar (:ticket:`31854`). * Fixed encoding session data while upgrading multiple instances of the same project to Django 3.1 (:ticket:`31864`). * Adjusted admin's navigation sidebar template to reduce debug logging when rendering (:ticket:`31865`). * Fixed a data loss possibility in the :meth:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet.select_for_update()`. When using related fields pointing to a proxy model in the ``of`` argument, the corresponding model was not locked (:ticket:`31866`). * Fixed a data loss possibility, following a regression in Django 2.0, when copying model instances with a cached fields value (:ticket:`31863`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused a crash when decoding an invalid session data (:ticket:`31895`). * Reverted a deprecation in Django 3.1 that caused a crash when passing deprecated keyword arguments to a queryset in ``TemplateView.get_context_data()`` (:ticket:`31877`). * Enforced thread sensitivity of the :class:`MiddlewareMixin.process_request() <django.utils.deprecation.MiddlewareMixin>` and ``process_response()`` hooks when in an async context (:ticket:`31905`). * Fixed ``__in`` lookup on key transforms for :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` with MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite (:ticket:`31936`). * Fixed a regression in Django 3.1 that caused permission errors in ``CommonPasswordValidator`` and ``settings.py`` generated by the :djadmin:`startproject` command, when user didn't have permissions to all intermediate directories in a Django installation path (:ticket:`31912`). * Fixed detecting an async ``get_response`` callable in various builtin middlewares (:ticket:`31928`). * Fixed a ``QuerySet.order_by()`` crash on PostgreSQL when ordering and grouping by :class:`~django.db.models.JSONField` with a custom :attr:`~django.db.models.JSONField.decoder` (:ticket:`31956`). As a consequence, fetching a ``JSONField`` with raw SQL now returns a string instead of pre-loaded data. You will need to explicitly call ``json.loads()`` in such cases. * Fixed a ``QuerySet.delete()`` crash on MySQL, following a performance regression in Django 3.1 on MariaDB 10.3.2+, when filtering against an aggregate function (:ticket:`31965`). * Fixed a ``django.contrib.admin.EmptyFieldListFilter`` crash when using on reverse relations (:ticket:`31952`). * Prevented content overflowing in the admin changelist view when the navigation sidebar is enabled (:ticket:`31901`). ======================== ``` ### 3.1 ``` ======================== *August 4, 2020* Welcome to Django 3.1! These release notes cover the :ref:`new features <whats-new-3.1>`, as well as some :ref:`backwards incompatible changes <backwards-incompatible-3.1>` you'll want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 3.0 or earlier. We've :ref:`dropped some features<removed-features-3.1>` that have reached the end of their deprecation cycle, and we've :ref:`begun the deprecation process for some features <deprecated-features-3.1>`. See the :doc:`/howto/upgrade-version` guide if you're updating an existing project. Python compatibility ==================== Django 3.1 supports Python 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9 (as of 3.1.3). We **highly recommend** and only officially support the latest release of each series. .. _whats-new-3.1: What's new in Django 3.1 ======================== Asynchronous views and middleware support ----------------------------------------- Django now supports a fully asynchronous request path, including: * :ref:`Asynchronous views <async-views>` * :ref:`Asynchronous middleware <async-middleware>` * :ref:`Asynchronous tests and test client <async-tests>` To get started with async views, you need to declare a view using ``async def``:: async def my_view(request): await asyncio.sleep(0.5) return HttpResponse('Hello, async world!') All asynchronous features are supported whether you are running under WSGI or ASGI mode. However, there will be performance penalties using async code in WSGI mode. You can read more about the specifics in :doc:`/topics/async` documentation. You are free to mix async and sync views, middleware, and tests as much as you want. Django will ensure that you always end up with the right execution context. We expect most projects will keep the majority of their views synchronous, and only have a select few running in async mode - but it is entirely your choice. Django's ORM, cache layer, and other pieces of code that do long-running network calls do not yet support async access. We expect to add support for them in upcoming releases. Async views are ideal, however, if you are doing a lot of API or HTTP calls inside your view, you can now natively do all those HTTP calls in parallel to considerably speed up your view's execution. Asynchronous support should be entirely backwards-compatible and we have tried to ensure that it has no speed regressions for your existing, synchronous code. It should have no noticeable effect on any existing Django projects. JSONField for all supported database backends --------------------------------------------- Django now includes :class:`.models.JSONField` and :class:`forms.JSONField <django.forms.JSONField>` that can be used on all supported database backends. Both fields support the use of custom JSON encoders and decoders. The model field supports the introspection, :ref:`lookups, and transforms <querying-jsonfield>` that were previously PostgreSQL-only:: from django.db import models class ContactInfo(models.Model): data = models.JSONField() ContactInfo.objects.create(data={ 'name': 'John', 'cities': ['London', 'Cambridge'], 'pets': {'dogs': ['Rufus', 'Meg']}, }) ContactInfo.objects.filter( data__name='John', data__pets__has_key='dogs', data__cities__contains='London', ).delete() If your project uses ``django.contrib.postgres.fields.JSONField``, plus the related form field and transforms, you should adjust to use the new fields, and generate and apply a database migration. For now, the old fields and transforms are left as a reference to the new ones and are :ref:`deprecated as of this release <deprecated-jsonfield>`. .. _default-hashing-algorithm-usage: ``DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM`` settings -------------------------------------- The new ``DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM`` transitional setting allows specifying the default hashing algorithm to use for encoding cookies, password reset tokens in the admin site, user sessions, and signatures created by :class:`django.core.signing.Signer` and :meth:`django.core.signing.dumps`. Support for SHA-256 was added in Django 3.1. If you are upgrading multiple instances of the same project to Django 3.1, you should set ``DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM`` to ``'sha1'`` during the transition, in order to allow compatibility with the older versions of Django. Note that this requires Django 3.1.1+. Once the transition to 3.1 is complete you can stop overriding ``DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM``. This setting is deprecated as of this release, because support for tokens, cookies, sessions, and signatures that use SHA-1 algorithm will be removed in Django 4.0. Minor features -------------- :mod:`django.contrib.admin` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new ``django.contrib.admin.EmptyFieldListFilter`` for :attr:`.ModelAdmin.list_filter` allows filtering on empty values (empty strings and nulls) in the admin changelist view. * Filters in the right sidebar of the admin changelist view now contain a link to clear all filters. * The admin now has a sidebar on larger screens for easier navigation. It is enabled by default but can be disabled by using a custom ``AdminSite`` and setting :attr:`.AdminSite.enable_nav_sidebar` to ``False``. Rendering the sidebar requires access to the current request in order to set CSS and ARIA role affordances. This requires using ``'django.template.context_processors.request'`` in the ``'context_processors'`` option of :setting:`OPTIONS <TEMPLATES-OPTIONS>`. * Initially empty ``extra`` inlines can now be removed, in the same way as dynamically created ones. * ``XRegExp`` is upgraded from version 2.0.0 to 3.2.0. * jQuery is upgraded from version 3.4.1 to 3.5.1. * Select2 library is upgraded from version 4.0.7 to 4.0.13. :mod:`django.contrib.auth` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The default iteration count for the PBKDF2 password hasher is increased from 180,000 to 216,000. * The new :setting:`PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT` setting allows defining the number of seconds a password reset link is valid for. This is encouraged instead of the deprecated ``PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS`` setting, which will be removed in Django 4.0. * The password reset mechanism now uses the SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Support for tokens that use the old hashing algorithm remains until Django 4.0. * :meth:`.AbstractBaseUser.get_session_auth_hash` now uses the SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Support for user sessions that use the old hashing algorithm remains until Django 4.0. :mod:`django.contrib.contenttypes` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :option:`remove_stale_contenttypes --include-stale-apps` option allows removing stale content types from previously installed apps that have been removed from :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`. :mod:`django.contrib.gis` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :lookup:`relate` lookup is now supported on MariaDB. * Added the :attr:`.LinearRing.is_counterclockwise` property. * :class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.AsGeoJSON` is now supported on Oracle. * Added the :class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.AsWKB` and :class:`~django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions.AsWKT` functions. * Added support for PostGIS 3 and GDAL 3. :mod:`django.contrib.humanize` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :tfilter:`intword` template filter now supports negative integers. :mod:`django.contrib.postgres` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.indexes.BloomIndex` class allows creating ``bloom`` indexes in the database. The new :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.BloomExtension` migration operation installs the ``bloom`` extension to add support for this index. * :meth:`~django.db.models.Model.get_FOO_display` now supports :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.ArrayField` and :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.RangeField`. * The new :lookup:`rangefield.lower_inc`, :lookup:`rangefield.lower_inf`, :lookup:`rangefield.upper_inc`, and :lookup:`rangefield.upper_inf` lookups allow querying :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.fields.RangeField` by a bound type. * :lookup:`rangefield.contained_by` now supports :class:`~django.db.models.SmallAutoField`, :class:`~django.db.models.AutoField`, :class:`~django.db.models.BigAutoField`, :class:`~django.db.models.SmallIntegerField`, and :class:`~django.db.models.DecimalField`. * :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchQuery` now supports ``'websearch'`` search type on PostgreSQL 11+. * :class:`SearchQuery.value <django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchQuery>` now supports query expressions. * The new :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchHeadline` class allows highlighting search results. * :lookup:`search` lookup now supports query expressions. * The new ``cover_density`` parameter of :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchRank` allows ranking by cover density. * The new ``normalization`` parameter of :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.search.SearchRank` allows rank normalization. * The new :attr:`.ExclusionConstraint.deferrable` attribute allows creating deferrable exclusion constraints. :mod:`django.contrib.sessions` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The :setting:`SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting now allows ``'None'`` (string) value to explicitly state that the cookie is sent with all same-site and cross-site requests. :mod:`django.contrib.staticfiles` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` setting now supports :class:`pathlib.Path`. Cache ~~~~~ * The :func:`~django.views.decorators.cache.cache_control` decorator and :func:`~django.utils.cache.patch_cache_control` method now support multiple field names in the ``no-cache`` directive for the ``Cache-Control`` header, according to :rfc:`7234section-5.2.2.2`. * :meth:`~django.core.caches.cache.delete` now returns ``True`` if the key was successfully deleted, ``False`` otherwise. CSRF ~~~~ * The :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting now allows ``'None'`` (string) value to explicitly state that the cookie is sent with all same-site and cross-site requests. Email ~~~~~ * The :setting:`EMAIL_FILE_PATH` setting, used by the :ref:`file email backend <topic-email-file-backend>`, now supports :class:`pathlib.Path`. Error Reporting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :class:`django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter` now filters sensitive values from ``request.META`` in exception reports. * The new :attr:`.SafeExceptionReporterFilter.cleansed_substitute` and :attr:`.SafeExceptionReporterFilter.hidden_settings` attributes allow customization of sensitive settings and ``request.META`` filtering in exception reports. * The technical 404 debug view now respects :setting:`DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER` when applying settings filtering. * The new :setting:`DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER` allows providing a :class:`django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter` subclass to customize exception report generation. See :ref:`custom-error-reports` for details. File Storage ~~~~~~~~~~~~ * ``FileSystemStorage.save()`` method now supports :class:`pathlib.Path`. * :class:`~django.db.models.FileField` and :class:`~django.db.models.ImageField` now accept a callable for ``storage``. This allows you to modify the used storage at runtime, selecting different storages for different environments, for example. Forms ~~~~~ * :class:`~django.forms.ModelChoiceIterator`, used by :class:`~django.forms.ModelChoiceField` and :class:`~django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField`, now uses :class:`~django.forms.ModelChoiceIteratorValue` that can be used by widgets to access model instances. See :ref:`iterating-relationship-choices` for details. * :class:`django.forms.DateTimeField` now accepts dates in a subset of ISO 8601 datetime formats, including optional timezone, e.g. ``2019-10-10T06:47``, ``2019-10-10T06:47:23+04:00``, or ``2019-10-10T06:47:23Z``. The timezone will always be retained if provided, with timezone-aware datetimes being returned even when :setting:`USE_TZ` is ``False``. Additionally, ``DateTimeField`` now uses ``DATE_INPUT_FORMATS`` in addition to ``DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS`` when converting a field input to a ``datetime`` value. * :attr:`.MultiWidget.widgets` now accepts a dictionary which allows customizing subwidget ``name`` attributes. * The new :attr:`.BoundField.widget_type` property can be used to dynamically adjust form rendering based upon the widget type. Internationalization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The :setting:`LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting now allows ``'None'`` (string) value to explicitly state that the cookie is sent with all same-site and cross-site requests. * Added support and translations for the Algerian Arabic, Igbo, Kyrgyz, Tajik, and Turkmen languages. Management Commands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * The new :option:`check --database` option allows specifying database aliases for running the ``database`` system checks. Previously these checks were enabled for all configured :setting:`DATABASES` by passing the ``database`` tag to the command. * The new :option:`migrate --check` option makes the command exit with a non-zero status when unapplied migrations are detected. * The new ``returncode`` argument for :attr:`~django.core.management.CommandError` allows customizing the exit status for management commands. * The new :option:`dbshell -- ARGUMENTS <dbshell -->` option allows passing extra arguments to the command-line client for the database. * The :djadmin:`flush` and :djadmin:`sqlflush` commands now include SQL to reset sequences on SQLite. Models ~~~~~~ * The new :class:`~django.db.models.functions.ExtractIsoWeekDay` function extracts ISO-8601 week days from :class:`~django.db.models.DateField` and :class:`~django.db.models.DateTimeField`, and the new :lookup:`iso_week_day` lookup allows querying by an ISO-8601 day of week. * :meth:`.QuerySet.explain` now supports: * ``TREE`` format on MySQL 8.0.16+, * ``analyze`` option on MySQL 8.0.18+ and MariaDB. * Added :class:`~django.db.models.PositiveBigIntegerField` which acts much like a :class:`~django.db.models.PositiveIntegerField` except that it only allows values under a certain (database-dependent) limit. Values from ``0`` to ``9223372036854775807`` are safe in all databases supported by Django. * The new :class:`~django.db.models.RESTRICT` option for :attr:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey.on_delete` argument of ``ForeignKey`` and ``OneToOneField`` emulates the behavior of the SQL constraint ``ON DELETE RESTRICT``. * :attr:`.CheckConstraint.check` now supports boolean expressions. * The :meth:`.RelatedManager.add`, :meth:`~.RelatedManager.create`, and :meth:`~.RelatedManager.set` methods now accept callables as values in the ``through_defaults`` argument. * The new ``is_dst`` parameter of the :meth:`.QuerySet.datetimes` determines the treatment of nonexistent and ambiguous datetimes. * The new :class:`~django.db.models.F` expression ``bitxor()`` method allows :ref:`bitwise XOR operation <using-f-expressions-in-filters>`. * :meth:`.QuerySet.bulk_create` now sets the primary key on objects when using MariaDB 10.5+. * The ``DatabaseOperations.sql_flush()`` method now generates more efficient SQL on MySQL by using ``DELETE`` instead of ``TRUNCATE`` statements for tables which don't require resetting sequences. * SQLite functions are now marked as :py:meth:`deterministic <sqlite3.Connection.create_function>` on Python 3.8+. This allows using them in check constraints and partial indexes. * The new :attr:`.UniqueConstraint.deferrable` attribute allows creating deferrable unique constraints. Pagination ~~~~~~~~~~ * :class:`~django.core.paginator.Paginator` can now be iterated over to yield its pages. Requests and Responses ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * If :setting:`ALLOWED_HOSTS` is empty and ``DEBUG=True``, subdomains of localhost are now allowed in the ``Host`` header, e.g. ``static.localhost``. * :meth:`.HttpResponse.set_cookie` and :meth:`.HttpResponse.set_signed_cookie` now allow using ``samesite='None'`` (string) to explicitly state that the cookie is sent with all same-site and cross-site requests. * The new :meth:`.HttpRequest.accepts` method returns whether the request accepts the given MIME type according to the ``Accept`` HTTP header. .. _whats-new-security-3.1: Security ~~~~~~~~ * The :setting:`SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY` setting now defaults to ``'same-origin'``. With this configured, :class:`~django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware` sets the :ref:`referrer-policy` header to ``same-origin`` on all responses that do not already have it. This prevents the ``Refere