feat: metadata cache provider and datafusion trait impls

Closes #25543 Closes #25544

This adds the MetaCacheProvider for managing metadata caches in the influxdb3 instance. This includes APIs to create caches through the WAL as well as from a catalog on initialization, to write data into the managed caches, and to query data out of them.

The query side is fairly involved, relying on Datafusion's TableFunctionImpl and TableProvider traits to make querying the cache using a user-defined table function (UDTF) possible.

The predicate code was modified to only support two kinds of predicates: IN and NOT IN, which simplifies the code, and maps nicely with the DataFusion LiteralGuarantee which we leverage to derive the predicates from the incoming queries.

MetaCacheExec, a custom ExecutionPlan implementation was added specifically for the metadata cache that can report the predicates that are pushed down to the cache during query planning/execution.

A big set of tests was added to to check that queries are working, and that predicates are being pushed down properly.

Additional Notes

This PR moved the code in the meta_cache module of the influxdb3_cache crate around so that the primary mod.rs just contains tests, and then has the following additional modules:
- cache.rs: (existing with some changes) core cache implementation - I left a couple comments on where the main changes were made to that code
- provider.rs: (new) contains code for the new MetaCacheProvider
- table_function.rs: (new) contains code for DataFusion trait implementations
The feature still needs to be accessible through the API, so that caches can be created, deleted, and viewed, but that will be done in follow-on issues as part of https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb/issues/25539.

influxdata / influxdb

feat: metadata cache provider and datafusion trait impls #25566

Additional Notes