How to make SYCL easily extensible without changing Clang

[keryell]

Since SYCL is focusing on heterogeneous computing and bare-metal efficiency in modern C++, it will require a lot of extensions in Clang/LLVM under the hood, such as vendor-specific built-ins, decorations, attributes...

A good example is https://github.com/intel/llvm/commit/fbffaab85dae36a6157dd40f4995b0d1e959c60a and obviously we need FPGA extensions. :-) This is a very good example of the kinds of information we need to carry.

But these extensions are difficult to maintain in a fork with all the merge conflicts or even to be accepted upstream just because of their narrow use-case. So we should think about a way to express in a generic way in Clang/LLVM some attributes, intrinsics, etc.

It would be nice to be able to declare some C++ constructions that abstracts in a nice way the extensions, for example with new types, decorator functions, properties... These constructions at the C++ level would be defined in an extension-specific header, using intrinsic functions or some kind of decoration.

If the back-end is using some "pseudo-intrinsics" (user-defined functions that behaves like intrinsics from the back-end point-of-view), it seems rather easy. You can see an implementation example under https://github.com/triSYCL/triSYCL/tree/master/include/CL/sycl/vendor/Xilinx

But this does not work to decorate other things like types...

Some languages like D have the concept of user-defined attributes https://dlang.org/spec/attribute.html#uda with some introspection mechanism which could serve as a source of inspiration. But it does not provide some way to synthesize some kinds of internal IR decorations.

C++ it-self has the concept of attributes since C++11 https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/attributes but there is no generic way to implement them into Clang/LLVM as far as I know.

Now we have contracts in C++20, there are 3 new attributes https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/attributes/contract which do use a C++ expression, so we have at least a source of inspiration about how to implement some part of the mechanic to access to expressions, and indirectly to types through the typeid() operator.

A first approach could be to introduce a new Clang über-attribute able to implement everything with a small DSL. For example

[[ using clang::attribute::generic :
     llvm::function::attribute::inaccessiblememonly,
     llvm::function::attribute::builtin,
     llvm::function::attribute::convergent,
     llvm::function::attribute::noduplicate,
     llvm::function::attribute::alignstack(4),
     llvm::metadata::callees(f, g),
     llvm::metadata::loop::distribute::enable ]]

Would allow to synthesize some specific metadata https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#metadata, There is already such a DSL in C/C++ compilers for decades to deal with extensions like inline assembler expressions, see https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#inline-assembler-expressions for example.

This could be a RFC for the Clang mailing list.

What do you think?

[sergey-semenov]

@bader please, take a look

[keryell]

Now we have contracts in C++20, there are 3 new attributes

Actually the contracts were remove from C++20 and moved into a TS instead.

In the meantime there have been some developments on properties in the C++ committee, like http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/p2183r0.html http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1393r0.html that allows to recycle the C++ type system as a way to specialize objects.

This has been already discussed several time here, like https://github.com/intel/llvm/pull/3306#issuecomment-794616404

@AaronBallman Some internal Khronos discussions on this: https://gitlab.khronos.org/sycl/Specification/-/issues/296

[AaronBallman]

Now we have contracts in C++20, there are 3 new attributes

Actually the contracts were remove from C++20 and moved into a TS instead.

Not quite -- they never made it into C++20 in the first place, and they don't exist in a TS form yet. WG21 formed a study group (SG21) to explore contracts, but the SG hasn't produced a design yet. I'd be wary of basing anything off the previous contracts syntax (the syntax was part of why the feature failed to gain consensus).

In the meantime there have been some developments on properties in the C++ committee, like http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2020/p2183r0.html http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/p1393r0.html that allows to recycle the C++ type system as a way to specialize objects.

This has been already discussed several time here, like #3306 (comment)

@AaronBallman Some internal Khronos discussions on this: https://gitlab.khronos.org/sycl/Specification/-/issues/296

Thanks, I'll check it out!