Explore use of Python DataFrame API instead of pandas

[Pennycook]

Feature/behavior summary

There are efforts underway to define a standard API for DataFrames, here: https://data-apis.org/dataframe-api/draft/index.html

Rewriting the P3 Analysis Library API to accept standard DataFrames instead of pandas.DataFrame objects would potentially enable us to ingest data from more sources.

Request attributes

• [ ] Would this be a refactor of existing code?
• [X] Does this proposal require new package dependencies?
• [ ] Would this change break backwards compatibility?

Related issues

None

Solution description

• Add dataframe_api_compat as a dependency
• Rewrite user-facing P3 Analysis Library functions using the standard DataFrame API, as demonstrated by https://data-apis.org/dataframe-api-compat/basics/complete_example/
• Rewrite tests to use DataFrame objects from multiple sources (e.g., pandas, polars)

Additional notes

An initial prototype could just focus on one or two functions (say, p3.metrics.application_efficiency and p3.metrics.pp).