Is there a way to "Limit: x" different components of a distribution differently?

[bdrung]

No, there is no way to limit different components for the same suite, but you could use different suites instead.

[andywolk]

Would be nice to have that functionality. What about |x after each item?:

Components: main|10 contrib non-free|1
Limit: 5

And main|10 overrides 5.

[bdrung]

Adding |x to each item is an unconventional way to configure it, but I have no better idea how to support this setup in the configuration.

[andywolk]

Another option:

Components: main contrib non-free
Limit: 5 main|10 non-free|1

But this way it will be harder to make limits for other things like architecture.

Architectures: source amd64 i386 arm64
Components: main contrib non-free
Limit: 5 main|10 arm64|non-free|1 amd64||5

On the other hand this way it's way flexible.

[bdrung]

Another option:

Components: main contrib non-free
Limit: main=5 non-free=10 1

[andywolk]

Let me apply combinations to your option:

Architectures: source amd64 i386 arm64
Components: main contrib non-free
Limit: 5 main=10 arm64|non-free=1 amd64|=5