Fast construction of `Transaction` when reading from the chain db

[andiflabs]

Summary

Transactions that contains mints involve parsing assets, which in turn involve parsing public addresses of the owner for those assets. Parsing a public address is currently an expensive operation, because it involves elliptic curve point multiplications.

Transactions containing mints are therefore harmful for the performance of wallet scans.

To improve the performance of wallet scans, this commit:

• introduces a new PublicAddress::new_unchecked (in Rust) constructor that speeds up construction of public addresses from trusted input;
• adds a skipValidation parameter to Transaction (in TypeScript) to allow using the "unchecked" variants of constructors;
• changes the chain db deserializer to read transactions using skipValidation: true.

Note that, while the goal of this commit is to improve wallet scan performance, the impact of this commit is actually broader: it impacts all reads from the chain db. This is good for performance, but may be a concern for security and stability. The assumption is that if something is stored in the chain db, then it was previously validated and therefore it can be trusted.

Testing Plan

• Build ironfish-rust-nodejs with yarn build:stats (see GH-5074)
• Run a wallet rescan with yarn start wallet:rescan
• Periodically send USR1 to the wallet:rescan process. Observe that the number of note decryptions and the number of elliptic curve point multiplications match (i.e. there are no additional multiplications performed)

Documentation

N/A

Breaking Change

N/A

[andiflabs]

This looks good to me 👍

I wonder if it's possible, or desirable, to enforce that we only skip validation when deserializing from stored values.

I think it may be hard to have a general rule like that for skipping validation, but I do wonder about how we can ensure that validation always happens somewhere.

Yes, I think it's both possible and desiderable. This could even be done using types, so that mistakes would be caught at build time.