Theories on Visual Changes vs Data Changes

[jialincheoh]

3 core ways of interpreting changes in front end

(1) trigger does change/ exploration come from the external cues and/or their mind. If it is external cues we can use theories of perception and external information structure (e.g. target and non-target becomes more similar which makes visual search inefficient ). Textual stimuli acts as a categorical cues to enhance visual processing.

(2) theories of search and problem solving assume that attention can also relate to internal mental spaces that are just representation of reality and there perception does not play a role.

(3) changes in front end can also result from the information system itself where changes to data results in less change to the front end.

Key Results

(1) Promising results that search is non-linear as shown by AIC values.

[jialincheoh]

Title: Does Form Follow Data? Evidence from a Generalized Additive Model @sbrunswi   Landscape is a mental space with alternative solutions (Majchrzak & Malhotra, 2013). The process where designers explore the landscape to solve problems is termed as “search” (Simon & Newell, 1976). Design is a unique (Liu & Liang, 2020) and dynamic process (Seitamaa-Hakkarainen et al., 2016). The iterative process where the current solutions redefines the problem and regenerates new design strategies is called “design exploration” (Maher et al., 1996). Prior research typically assumes that exploration and risk-taking happens at the beginning and as time goes by, exploration goes down (Billinger et al., 2014; Brunswicker & Schecter, 2019). However, this view negates the fact that in design, there are multiple dimensions, and that search is a non-linear process. Specifically, in visualization designs, designers must navigate through visual space and the data space.   Scholars have long regarded design exploration as the coevolution of problems and solutions (Cross, 1997; Dorst & Cross, 2001; Hay et al., 2017; Studer et al., 2018). This coevolution of problems and solutions is important for inspiring creativity in designers (Atman et al., 1999; Gero & Kannengiesser, 2004). We argue that this intertwining of problems and solutions prompt designers to shift focus towards specific search spaces.  This argument is due to the fact that designers must be flexible to come up with novel solutions (Clevenger et al., 2013; Navinchandra, 1991; Nijstad et al., 2010).   When designers switch focus to instill novelty into their work is the subject of focus. Specifically, we study when designers decide to focus on the visual search space or data and how the dynamics of search prompt novelty insertions. We argue that design search is dynamic as human visual system is fairly limited (Stork & Schubö, 2010; Wolfe, 2000). Further, “code-switching” is essential to trigger creativity (Kharkhurin & Wei, 2015).   We predict that visual search will happen first before data search, as humans tend to resort to familiar territory and following “time-tested practices” (Guinee et al., 2003). Integrating visualization and data is difficult, so designers might resort to exploring non-essential features of the web application first.