Istio Proxy seems to consume different amount of memory on different Instance types

samuel-esp commented 4 months ago

Is this the right place to submit this?

[X] This is not a security vulnerability or a crashing bug
[X] This is not a question about how to use Istio

Bug Description

Inside our EKS Clusters we noticed a strange behavior on memory usage. It seems the Ingress Gateway pods placed on nodes with these characteristics uses more memory than inside other type of nodes. The suspected characteristics are these:

Very large instances
R family (r5a.16xlarge, r5dn.12xlarge)
Sometimes it seems more noticeable with AMD (cpu-manufacturer) CPUs

Example instance where I'm noticing this behavior right now (r5a.16xlarge)

This is the output of a kubectl top pod

1-namespace      istio-ingressgateway-7bc48ff6f9-whdnp               10m           422Mi -> m6i.xlarge
2-namespace      istio-ingressgateway-765979695f-4hqk6               40m          1090Mi -> r5a.16xlarge
3-namespace      istio-ingressgateway-56d5cd4cfd-nlg7l                 22m          429Mi -> m6i.xlarge
4-namespace      istio-ingressgateway-78446447c8-6x9tk                37m          1073Mi -> r5a.16xlarge

I suspect Istio Proxy could use more memory in one of these cases mentioned above, is anyone aware of this? It could be the AWS r Family?

We also tried to shutdown this r5a.16xlarge and limit these pods to use only m6i.xlarge instances. We noticed that the same ingress gateways decreased the usage of memory by a lot (about at half of the memory they used previously, around 500Mi)

How is this possible? Do we have somewhere a recommendation list for compatible or not compatible instance types?

Version

istioctl version

client version: 1.21.0
control plane version: 1.17.8
data plane version: 1.12.5 (1 proxies), 1.14.5 (4 proxies), 1.16.6 (189 proxies), 1.17.8 (158 proxies)

(1.14.5 and 1.12.5 proxies are from deprecated applications)

kubectl version 

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.14", GitCommit:"0f77da5bd4809927e15d1658fb4aa8f13ad890a5", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-06-15T14:17:29Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.15", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26+", GitVersion:"v1.26.12-eks-5e0fdde", GitCommit:"95c835ee1111774fe5e8b327187034d8136720a0", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2024-01-02T20:34:50Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.12", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Additional Information

Omitted for privacy reason

howardjohn commented 4 months ago

Depending on the settings, Istio can run different 'concurrency' which is number of threads. A lot of the internals are replicated on each thread, so more threads == more memory. There are modes where it runs with concurrency==CPUs on the host. You have a lot of different + old versions running so I am not sure what the exact semantics were then ( there were some improvements/bug-fixes), but you can check by looking localhost:15000/server_info.

My guess is the bigger nodes have more threads -> more memory.

samuel-esp commented 4 months ago

Hi John,

Apparently reading AWS docs the m6i.xlarge and r5a.16xlarge have the same amount of threads, look at this link:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/cpu-options-supported-instances-values.html

Today the same problem was happening on a m5n.16xlarge so, as you guessed, the instance size matters when it comes to memory usage. Do you see any strange option from the result of the curl on localhost:15000/server_info?

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 "uptime_current_epoch": "283171s",
 "uptime_all_epochs": "283171s"
}

howardjohn commented 4 months ago

Yes, "concurrency": 64,. I would ideally recommend upgrading to a newer Istio version (1.21 ideally) which I am fairly sure will just automatically fix it. Or you can mess around with the concurrency setting manually, but upgrade is a good idea in general anyways

samuel-esp commented 4 months ago

Hi John, thank you very much for your answer! We are going to update our Istio to 1.21 in the next few months (we are at Istio 1.17 so it will take a while)

The concurrency setting can be set with the "proxy.istio.io/config" annotation in this way, right?

proxy.istio.io/config: |
       concurrency: 8

I have a couple of question:

If i set concurrency = 8 at proxy level while my nodes have 64 vcpu. Will this setting, lead to possible problems and misconfigurations when a proxy interacts with other proxies configured in a different way?
What's the benefit of automatically set concurrency = vcpu from a technical point of view?

howardjohn commented 4 months ago

If i set concurrency = 8 at proxy level while my nodes have 64 vcpu. Will this setting, lead to possible problems and misconfigurations when a proxy interacts with other proxies configured in a different way?

The CPUs on the node is irrelevant if CPU limit is set. You want concurrency == CPU limit generally.

So if you have limit 2 CPU (default) and 8 concurrency, that is going to behave worse.

What's the benefit of automatically set concurrency = vcpu from a technical point of view?

Running more threads than cores is generally a bad idea broadly; concurrency=CPUs is common throughout most applications. Without this, you assign too much work and throttle it all, decreasing performance overall

samuel-esp commented 4 months ago

Thank you very much again @howardjohn ! This is really interesting!

So the sweet spot would be setting:

istio proxy cpu limit = concurrency

Just a couple of more questions to satisfy my curiosity:

1) Like you said, if i set concurrency > istio proxy cpu limit, I would experience bad behaviors. What if i set concurrency < istio proxy cpu limit? (for example i set concurrency to 2 while istio proxy cpu limit is 3000m) Would I experience the same bad behaviors or just a performance dip?

2) Is the performance gap really that noticeable if we always set concurrency to 1 (so basically without concurrency) instead of 2 or more depending on the istio proxy cpu limit?

As per documentation, I also checked the Istio ConfigMap of my clusters and I couldn’t find the concurrency parameter declared in the YAML, so I think that the default configuration in the past was concurrency = vCPUs of the entire node

3) Why in the previous versions of Istio, like in my case, it could happen that the default configurations would set the value of concurrency equal to the vCPUs of the node? Were there reasons for this? From what I understood from your explaination a possible reason could be that Istio Proxy run without limits in the past but I'm not sure about that.

Thanks Again John for your effort as a mantainer, I’m enjoying this project a lot! Have a nice day John!

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