Write a C++ program that inputs a character from keyboard and display its corresponding ASCII value on the screen // Question - 1

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int main() { char a ; cin >> a ;
cout << "ASCII Value is --> " << (int) a << endl ; return 0 ; }

Write a C++ program using class called temperature and member functions for a temperature in Fahrenheit and display it in Celsius.

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

class temperature { private : float farhen , c ; public : float conversion(float f) { farhen = f ; c = (f-32) * (5.0/9.0) ; return c ; } };

int main() { temperature t ; float f ; cin >> f ; cout << "Temperature in Celsius --> " << t.conversion(f) << endl ; }

Write a C++ program function using reference variables as arguments to swap the values of a pair of integers

// Question - 3

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

class q2 { private : int t ; public: void swap(int a , int b ) { t = a ; a = b ; b = t ; } } ;

int main() { int a , b ; q2 sa ; cin >> a >> b ; sa.swap( &a , &b ) ; cout << a << " " << b << endl ; }

4.Write a C++ program which explains and show different storage classes auto, extern static and register.

[4:42 pm, 19/11/2022] @#₹_%&-+(): #include using namespace std;

int staticFunc() { cout << "For Static Variables: "; static int count = 0; count++; return count; }

int nonStaticFunc() { cout << "For Non-Static Variables: ";

int count = 0;
count++;
return count;

}

void registerStorageClass() {

cout << "Register class\n";

register char b = 'G';

cout << "Value of the variable 'b'"
    << " declared as register: " << b;

}

int x; void externStorageClass() {

cout << "Extern class\n";

extern int x;

cout << "Value of the variable 'x'"
    << "declared, as extern: " << x << "\n";

x = 2;

cout
    << "Modified value of the variable 'x'"
    << " declared as extern: "
    << x << endl;

}

void autoStorage() {

cout << "Auto Class;\n" << endl;

auto a = 69;
auto b = 4.20;
auto c = 'F';
auto d = "IIIT Bhagalpur";

cout << a << " \n";
cout << b << " \n";
cout << c << " \n";
cout << d << " \n";

}

int main() {

autoStorage();
cout << endl;
cout << endl;

externStorageClass();

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";

cout << endl;

cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

registerStorageClass();

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

return 0;

} [4:42 pm, 19/11/2022] @#₹_%&-+(): #include using namespace std;

int staticFunc() { cout << "For Static Variables: "; static int count = 0; count++; return count; }

int nonStaticFunc() { cout << "For Non-Static Variables: ";

int count = 0;
count++;
return count;

}

void registerStorageClass() {

cout << "Register class\n";

register char b = 'G';

cout << "Value of the variable 'b'"
    << " declared as register: " << b;

}

int x; void externStorageClass() {

cout << "Extern class\n";

extern int x;

cout << "Value of the variable 'x'"
    << "declared, as extern: " << x << "\n";

x = 2;

cout
    << "Modified value of the variable 'x'"
    << " declared as extern: "
    << x << endl;

}

void autoStorage() { cout << "Auto Class;\n" << endl;

auto a = 69;
auto b = 4.20;
auto c = 'F';
auto d = "IIIT Bhagalpur";

cout << a << " \n";
cout << b << " \n";
cout << c << " \n";
cout << d << " \n";

}

int main() {

autoStorage();
cout << endl;
cout << endl;

externStorageClass();

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";
cout << staticFunc() << "\n";

cout << endl;

cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";
cout << nonStaticFunc() << "\n";

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

registerStorageClass();

cout << endl;
cout << endl;

return 0;

}

Write a C++ program to find factorial of number using function

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int fact(int n) { int facto = 1 ; for (int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++) facto *= i ; return facto ; }

int main() { int n ; cin >> n ; cout << fact(n) << endl ; }

Write a C++ program to check number is palindrome or not using Function.

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

define cty cout<<"YES A PALINDROME\n"

define ctn cout<<"NOT A PALINDROME\n"

bool chk(int n) { int og = n ; int rev = 0 ; while(n != 0) { int rem = n % 10 ; rev = rev*10 + rem ; n /= 10 ;
} if (og == rev) return true ; else return false ; }

int main() { int n ; cin >> n ; if (chk(n)) cty ; else ctn ; }

Write a C++ Program to find Cube of a Number using function. QUESTION --> 3

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int cube(int n) return nnn ;

int main() { int n ; cin >> n ; cout << cube(n) << endl ; }

Write a C++ Program to Swap two numbers and characters using call by value.

// QUESTION --> 4

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

void swap(int x , int y) { int z = x ; x = y ; y = z ; cout << "Swapped Values " << x << " " << y << endl ; }

int main() { int a , b ; cin >> a >> b ; cout << "Original Values " << a << " " << b << endl ; swap(a,b) ; }

Write a C++ program to print the following output using for loops. 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5

//Question -- 1

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int main() { for (int i = 1 ; i < 6 ; i++){ for (int j = 1 ; j <= i ; j++){ cout << i << " " ; } cout << endl ; } return 0 ; }

Write a program in C++ to input a single digit number and print a rectangular form of 4 columns and 6 rows. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int main(){ int n ; cin >> n ; for (int i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++){ for (int j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++){ if (j == 0 || j == 3 || i == 0 || i == 5) cout << n << " " ; else cout << " " ; } cout << endl ; } }

Write a C++ program to display the current date and time.

// Question -- 3

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int main(){ time_t timetoday ; time (&timetoday) ; cout << "Current Date and Time --> " << asctime(localtime(&timetoday)) << endl ; return 0 ; }

Write a program in C++ to enter P, T, R and calculate Simple Interest.

// Question -- 4

include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std ;

int main(){ int p , r , t ; cout << "Enter Principal --> " ; cin >> p ; cout << "Enter Rate of Interest --> " ; cin >> r ; cout << "Enter Time Period --> " ; cin >> t ; int si = prt/100 ; cout << "Simple Interest Calculated is --> " << si << endl ; return 0 ;

}

Write a C++ program for unary minus (-) operator overloading

// Question - 1

include

using namespace std ;

class cls{ private: int n ; public: void get(int x) { n = x ; } void prt() { cout << "The Value of n is -> " << n << endl ; } void operator - (void) { n = -n ; }
};

int main(){ cls op ; op.get(69); -op ; op.prt() ; return 0 ; }

Write a C++ program for unary increment (++) and decrement (--) operator overloading

// Question - 2

include

using namespace std ;

class cls{ private: int n ; public: void get(int x) { n = x ; } void prt() { cout << n << endl ; } void operator-- (void) // unary decrement overloading { n = --n ; }
void operator++ (void) // unary increment overloading { n = ++n ; } };

int main(){ cls op ; op.get(69);

++op ; 
cout << "After Unary Increment Overloading -->  " ; 
op.prt() ;

--op ; 
cout << "After Unary Decrement Overloading -->  " ; 
op.prt() ; 
return 0 ;

}

Write a C++ program for unary logical NOT (!) operator overloading

// Question - 3

include

using namespace std ;

class cls{ private: int n ; public: void get(int x) { n = x ; } void prt() { cout << n << endl ; } void operator! (void) // unary ! overloading { n = !n ; }
};

int main(){ cls op ; op.get(69); cout << "Before ! Overloading --> " ; op.prt() ; !op ; cout << "After ! Overloading --> " ; op.prt() ; return 0 ; }

Write a C++ Program to Display Date using Constructors

include

using namespace std;

class date { private: int dd, mm, yy;

public:
    date()
    {
        dd=31;
        mm=12;
        yy=2016;
        cout<<"\nDate Object has been created..............\n";
    }

    void display()
    {
        cout<<"\nThe Entered Date is :: ";
        cout<<dd<<"-"<<mm<<"-"<<yy<<"\n";
    }

}; int main () { date date1; date1.display ();

return 0; }

C++ program to Display Student Details using constructor and destructor

include

using namespace std;

class stu { private: char name[20],add[20]; int roll,zip;

            public:
                stu ();//Constructor
                    ~stu();//Destructor
                    void read();
                    void disp();

};

stu :: stu() { cout<<"\nThis is Student Details constructor called..........."<<endl; }

void stu :: read() { cout<<"\nEnter the student Name :: "; cin>>name; cout<<"\nEnter the student roll no :: "; cin>>roll; cout<<"\nEnter the student address :: "; cin>>add; cout<<"\nEnter the Zipcode :: "; cin>>zip; }

void stu :: disp() { cout<<"\nThe Entered Student Details are shown below ::---------- \n"; cout<<"\nStudent Name :: "<<name<<endl; cout<<"\nRoll no is :: "<<roll<<endl; cout<<"\nAddress is :: "<<add<<endl; cout<<"\nZipcode is :: "<<zip; }

stu :: ~stu() { cout<<"\n\nStudent Detail is Closed.............\n"; }

int main() { stu s; s.read (); s.disp ();

return 0;

}

C++ Program for Constructor with Parameters (Parameterized Constructor)

include

using namespace std; class ParamA { private: int b, c; public: ParamA (int b1, int c1) { b = b1; c = c1; } int getX () { return b; } int getY () { return c; } }; int main () { ParamA p1(10, 15); cout << "p1.b = " << p1. getX() << ", p1.c = " << p1.getY(); return 0; }

C++ Program to calculate Volume of Box using Constructor.

include

using namespace std;

class box { double length,width,height; double volume;

public:
    box(double a,double b,double c);
    void vol();

};

box::box(double a,double b,double c) { length=a; width=b; height=c; volume=lengthwidthheight; }

void box::vol() { cout<<"\nDimensions of Box are :: \n"; cout<<"\nLength of Box :: "<<length<<"\n"; cout<<"\nWidth of Box :: "<<width<<"\n"; cout<<"\nHeight of Box :: "<<height<<"\n"; cout<<"\nVolume of Box :: "<<volume<<"\n"; }

int main() { box x(2.4,5.7,2.1),y(3.3,4.4,5.5);

x.vol();
y.vol();

return 0;

}

Write a C++ program to read and print employee information with department and pf information using hierarchical inheritance.

/ C++ program to read and print employee information with department and pf information using hierarchical inheritance. /

include

using namespace std;

//Base Class - basicInfo class basicInfo { protected: char name[30]; int empId; char gender;

public: void getBasicInfo(void) { cout << "Enter Name: "; cin.ignore(1); cin.getline(name, 30); cout << "Enter Emp. Id: "; cin >> empId; cout << "Enter Gender: "; cin >> gender; } };

//Base Class - deptInfo class deptInfo : private basicInfo { protected: char deptName[30]; char assignedWork[30]; int time2complete;

public: void getDeptInfo(void) { getBasicInfo(); //to get basic info of an employee cout << "Enter Department Name: "; cin.ignore(1); cin.getline(deptName, 30); cout << "Enter assigned work: "; fflush(stdin); cin.getline(assignedWork, 30); cout << "Enter time in hours to complete work: "; cin >> time2complete; } void printDeptInfo(void) { cout << "Employee's Information is: " << endl; cout << "Basic Information...:" << endl; cout << "Name: " << name << endl; //accessing protected data cout << "Employee ID: " << empId << endl; //accessing protected data cout << "Gender: " << gender << endl << endl; //accessing protected data

    cout << "Department Information...:" << endl;
    cout << "Department Name: " << deptName << endl; //accessing protected data
    cout << "Assigned Work: " << assignedWork << endl; //accessing protected data
    cout << "Time to complete work: " << time2complete << endl; //accessing protected data
}

};

//another Base Class : loadInfo class loanInfo : private basicInfo { protected: char loanDetails[30]; int loanAmount;

public: void getLoanInfo(void) { getBasicInfo(); //to get basic info of an employee cout << "Enter Loan Details: "; cin.ignore(1); cin.getline(loanDetails, 30); cout << "Enter loan amount: "; cin >> loanAmount; } void printLoanInfo(void) { cout << "Employee's Information is: " << endl; cout << "Basic Information...:" << endl; cout << "Name: " << name << endl; //accessing protected data cout << "Employee ID: " << empId << endl; //accessing protected data cout << "Gender: " << gender << endl << endl; //accessing protected data

    cout << "Loan Information...:" << endl;
    cout << "Loan Details: " << loanDetails << endl; //accessing protected data
    cout << "Loan Amount : " << loanAmount << endl; //accessing protected data
}

};

int main() { //read and print department information deptInfo objD;

objD.getDeptInfo();
objD.printDeptInfo();

cout << endl
     << endl;
//read and print loan information
loanInfo objL;

objL.getLoanInfo();
objL.printLoanInfo();

return 0;

}

Write a C++ Program to illustrates the use of Constructors in multilevel inheritance

include

using namespace std;

// Base class class A { public: A() { cout << "Base class A constructor \n"; } };

// Derived class B class B: public A { public: B() { cout << "Class B constructor \n"; } };

// Derived class C class C: public B { public: C() { cout << "Class C constructor \n";

};

// Driver code int main() { C obj; return 0; }

Write a C++ Program to Overriding member functions using Inheritance.

include

using namespace std;

class Base { public: void print() { cout << "Base Function" << endl; } };

class Derived : public Base { public: void print() { cout << "Derived Function" << endl; } };

int main() { Derived derived1; derived1.print(); return 0; }

Write a C++ Program to calculate the total mark of a student using the concept of inheritance and virtual base class.

/ C++ Program to enter student details using Virtual Class /

include

using namespace std;

class student

{ protected:

    int roll_no;

public:

    void get_no(int x)
    {
        roll_no=x;
    }

    void put_no()
    {
        cout<<"\nRoll Number :: "<<roll_no<<"\n";

    }

};

class test: virtual public student { protected: float sub_marks;

public:
    void get_submarks(float y)
    {
        sub_marks=y;
    }

    void put_submarks()
    {
        cout<<"\nSubject Marks :: "<<sub_marks<<"\n";
    }

};

class sports: public virtual student { protected: float sp_marks;

public:
    void get_spmarks(float z)
    {
        sp_marks=z;
    }

    void put_spmarks()
    {
        cout<<"\nSports Marks :: "<<sp_marks<<"\n";
    }

};

class result: public test, public sports {

float total_marks;

public:
    void put_result()
    {
        total_marks=sub_marks+sp_marks;
        put_no();

        put_submarks();
        put_spmarks();
        cout<<"\nTotal Marks :: "<<total_marks<<"\n";
    }

};

int main() { result R; R.get_no(34); R.get_submarks(67.2); R.get_spmarks(98.9); R.put_result();

return 0;

}

Write a C++ Program that illustrate single inheritance.

include

using namespace std;
class Account {
public:
float salary = 60000;
};
class Programmer: public Account {
public:
float bonus = 5000;
};
int main(void) {
Programmer p1;
cout<<"Salary: "<<p1.salary<<endl;
cout<<"Bonus: "<<p1.bonus<<endl;
return 0;
}

Write a C++ Program that illustrate multipe inheritance
include

using namespace std;

class A { public: A() { cout << "A's constructor called" << endl; } };

class B { public: B() { cout << "B's constructor called" << endl; } };

class C: public B, public A // Note the order { public: C() { cout << "C's constructor called" << endl; } };

int main() { C c; return 0; }

Write a C++ Program that illustrate multi level inheritance.
include

using namespace std;

class Vehicle{ public: void vehicle(){ cout<<"I am a vehicle"; } };

class FourWheeler : public Vehicle{ public: void fourWheeler(){ cout<<"I have four wheels"; } };

class Car : public FourWheeler{ public: void car(){ cout<<"I am a car"; } }; int main(){ Car obj; obj.car(); obj.fourWheeler(); obj.vehicle(); return 0; }

4.Write a C++ Program that illustrate Hierarchical inheritance

// C++ program to demonstrate hierarchical inheritance

include

using namespace std;

// base class class Animal { public: void info() { cout << "I am an animal." << endl; } };

// derived class 1 class Dog : public Animal { public: void bark() { cout << "I am a Dog. Woof woof." << endl; } };

// derived class 2 class Cat : public Animal { public: void meow() { cout << "I am a Cat. Meow." << endl; } };

int main() { // Create object of Dog class Dog dog1; cout << "Dog Class:" << endl; dog1.info(); // Parent Class function dog1.bark();

// Create object of Cat class
Cat cat1;
cout << "\nCat Class:" << endl;
cat1.info();  // Parent Class function
cat1.meow();

return 0;

}

Write a C++ program to show inheritance using different levels

include

using namespace std;

// create a base class1
class Base_class
{
// access specifier
public:
// It is a member function
void display()
{
cout << " It is the first function of the Base class " << endl;
}
};

// create a base class2
class Base_class2
{
// access specifier
public:
// It is a member function
void display2()
{
cout << " It is the second function of the Base class " << endl;
}
};

/ create a child_class to inherit features of Base_class and Base_class2 with access specifier. /
class child_class: public Base_class, public Base_class2
{

// access specifier  
public:  
void display3() // It is a member function of derive class  
{  
    cout << " It is the function of the derived class " << endl;      
}

};

int main ()
{
// create an object for derived class
child_class ch;
ch.display(); // call member function of Base_class1
ch.display2(); // call member function of Base_class2
ch.display3(); // call member function of child_class
}

Write a C++ program to write and read object using read and write function.

//C++ program to write and read object using read and write function.

include

using namespace std;

//class student to read and write student details class student { private: char name[30]; int age; public: void getData(void) { cout<<"Enter name:"; cin.getline(name,30); cout<<"Enter age:"; cin>>age; }

    void showData(void)
    {
    cout<<"Name:"<<name<<",Age:"<<age<<endl;
    }

};

int main() { student s;

ofstream file;

//open file in write mode
file.open("aaa.txt",ios::out);
if(!file)
{
  cout<<"Error in creating file.."<<endl;
  return 0;
}
cout<<"\nFile created successfully."<<endl;

//write into file
s.getData();    //read from user
file.write((char*)&s,sizeof(s));    //write into file

file.close();   //close the file
cout<<"\nFile saved and closed succesfully."<<endl;

//re open file in input mode and read data
//open file1
ifstream file1;
//again open file in read mode
file1.open("aaa.txt",ios::in);
if(!file1){
    cout<<"Error in opening file..";
    return 0;
}
//read data from file
file1.read((char*)&s,sizeof(s));

//display data on monitor
s.showData();
//close the file
file1.close();

return 0;

}

Write a C++ program to demonstrate example of tellg() and tellp() function

//C++ program to demonstrate example of tellg() and tellp() function.

include

using namespace std;

int main() { fstream file; //open file sample.txt in and Write mode file.open("sample.txt",ios::out); if(!file) { cout<<"Error in creating file!!!"; return 0; } //write A to Z file<<"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; //print the position cout<<"Current position is: "<<file.tellp()<<endl; file.close();

//again open file in read mode
file.open("sample.txt",ios::in);
if(!file)
{
    cout<<"Error in opening file!!!";
    return 0;
}
cout<<"After opening file position is: "<<file.tellg()<<endl;

//read characters untill end of file is not found
char ch;
while(!file.eof())
{
    cout<<"At position : "<<file.tellg();   //current position
    file>>ch;   //read character from file
    cout<<" Character \""<<ch<<"\""<<endl;
}

//close the file
file.close();
return 0;

}

Write a C++ Program for Username and Password Registration System.

/ C++ Program for Username and Password Registration System /

include

using namespace std;

struct mail { char un[50]; // user name char pd[50]; // passsword void reg(int); } obj[5];

void mail::reg(int k) { int i=k; cout<<"\nEnter user name :: "; cin>>un; cout<<"\nEnter password :: "; cin>>pd;

ofstream filout;
filout.open("C:\\Users\\acer\\Documents\\registration.txt",ios::app|ios::binary);
if(!filout)
{
    cout<<"\nCannot open file\n";
}
else
{
    cout<<"\n";
    filout.write((char *)&obj[i],sizeof(mail));
    filout.close();
}

cout<<"\n...........You are now registered.......... \n\n";

} // end of sign up or register func

int main() { int t; cout<<"\nEnter Registration Details for User 1 :: \n"; obj[0].reg(0); cout<<"\nEnter Registration Details for User 2 :: \n"; obj[1].reg(1); cout<<"\nEnter Registration Details for User 3 :: \n"; obj[2].reg(2);

mail obj2;

ifstream filein;
filein.open("C:\\Users\\acer\\Documents\\registration.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);
if(!filein)
{
    cout<<"\nUnable to open file to read\n";
}
else
{
    cout<<"\nRegistered Details of All Users :: \n";
    filein.read((char *)&obj2,sizeof(obj2));
    while(filein)
    {
        cout<<"\nUsername :: "<<obj2.un<<"\nPasswword :: "<<obj2.pd<<"\n";
        filein.read((char *)&obj2,sizeof(obj2));
    }
        //filein.close();
}
    return 0;

}

Write a C++ Program to Maintain House Records using File Handling.

/ C++ Program to Maintain House Records using File Handling /

include

using namespace std;

int opt;

class housing { int hno,income; char name[20],type[20]; public: void assign() { if(income<15000) strcpy(type,"LIG"); else if(income>=15000) strcpy(type,"MIG"); else if(income>=25000) strcpy(type,"HIG"); }

  void input()
  {
       cout<<"\n Enter House Number: ";
       cin>>hno;
       cout<<"\n House Name: ";
       cin>>name;
       cout<<"\n Annual Income: ";
       cin>>income;
       assign();
  }

   void output()
  {
        cout<<"House Number: "<<hno<<"\n"<<"House Name: "<<name<<"\n"<<"Annual                                           Income: "<<income<<"\n"<<"Type: "<<type;
  }

  int retno()
  {
        return hno;
  }

};

int main() { housing h,h1; fstream f; int hono;

 while(true)
 {
     cout<<"\n 1: Add Record"<<"\n 2: Modify Record"<<"\n 3: Display Records"<<"\n 4: Exit\n"<<endl;
     cin>>opt;

     if(opt==1)
     {
          char ch='y';
          f.open("C:\\Users\\acer\\Documents\\file4.txt",ios::out|ios::binary|ios::app);
          while(ch=='y')
          {
               cout<<"\n Enter Details: ";
               h.input();
               f.write((char*)&h,sizeof(h));
               cout<<"\n Want to Enter More? y/n: "<<endl;
               cin>>ch;
          }
         f.close();
     }

     if(opt==2)
     {
          cout<<"\n Enter House No of Record to be modified: ";
          cin>>hono;
          f.open("C:\\Users\\acer\\Documents\\file4.txt",ios::in|ios::out|ios::binary|ios::ate);
          f.seekg(0);

          while(f.read((char*)&h,sizeof(h)))
          {
               if(h.retno()==hono)
               {
                    cout<<"\n New Value: ";
                    h1.input();
                    f.seekp(-sizeof(h),ios::cur);
                    f.write((char*)&h1,sizeof(h1));
               }
          }
         f.close();
     }

     if(opt==3)
     {
          f.open("C:\\Users\\acer\\Documents\\file4.txt",ios::in|ios::binary);
          f.seekg(0);

          while(f.read((char*)&h,sizeof(h)))
          h.output();

          f.close();
     }

     if(opt==4)
         exit(0);

    cout<<"\nPress any key to continue...... ";

}

return 0;

}

jayam30 / Codeforce_questions

Opps assignment #1

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

define cty cout<<"YES A PALINDROME\n"

define ctn cout<<"NOT A PALINDROME\n"

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include<bits/stdc++.h>

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include