Shorten and smooth the transfer/multi-task/few-shot section

[jaclyn-taroni]

Purpose

Addresses #110. In #109, it was suggested that any in-depth discussion of MultiPLIER and DeepProfile should be moved to a section that is intended to demonstrate that multiple concepts described throughout the paper can and should be used together to study rare diseases (e.g., regularization AND prior knowledge/data).

Moving the discussion of MultiPLIER and DeepProfile out of the prior data/knowledge section required a rewrite of the transfer and multi-task learning section to "briefly" explain these approaches and set up the section about putting it all together.

This pull request is that rewrite! 🚀 Although, I'm not sure I've hit the mark with respect to brevity. I have removed and shortened some references/description of studies from the multi-task and few-shot learning paragraphs. But in the interest of improving the flow of this section of the manuscript, I've also added some text.

Directions for reviewers

Is there anything that you want to discuss further?

What else can I cut? ✂️

Is the pull request ready for review?

Yes

Manuscript checklist

Unless otherwise noted above, this PR will be considered ready for review when all four items have been checked.

• [x] All changes to text follow "one sentence per line" [Manubot instructions]
• [x] All citations follow the Manubot citation instructions
• [x] All changes or additions to tables follow the Manubot table instructions
• [x] All figures follow the Manubot figure instructions
• [ ] All terms that need to be added to glossary have been added to #50
• [ ] There are no new spelling errors identified by the Manubot spellchecker

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[jaybee84]

is this PR ready to be merged @jaclyn-taroni ?

[allaway]

Just bumping this up again - once we've merged this and #118, I'll take another stab at my issues and the rest of the doc.

[jaclyn-taroni]

@allaway I don't think I addressed all your comments, so if you are happy with where this is at currently please feel free to merge!