C++ highlighting broken on class template specializations, but only with specific formatting

[alexr00]

Checklist

• [ ] This problem exists even with the setting "C_Cpp.enhancedColorization": "Disabled"
• [ ] This bug exists for C
• [x] This bug exists for C++
• [ ] This bug exists for Objective-C
• [ ] This bug exists for Objective-C++

The code with a problem is:

template <class T> struct example;

// highlighting works perfectly fine here
template <> struct example<unsigned> {};

// this also works perfectly fine
template <>
struct example<int> 
{};

// highlighting breaks at <>, doesn't matter if there is anything in it or not. 
// doesn't matter if the specialization is partial, full, CV-qualified, or anything else. 
template <> struct example<long> 
{};

It looks like:

The scope of the <> in the broken example is unexpected. The scope of the < is:

punctuation.section.angle-brackets.start.template.definition.cpp
source.cpp

When I would expect it to be:

punctuation.section.angle-brackets.start.template.definition.cpp
meta.template.definition.cpp
source.cpp

The scope of the > gets even more unexpected:

keyword.operator.comparison.cpp
meta.template.definition.cpp
source.cpp

Originally from @evanacox in https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/109098