Update Jenkins Security Scan action

[strangelookingnerd]

In order to unify the actions configuration this PR will

• [x] Removes the hard-coded java-version in order to rely on the default
• [x] Adds a java-cache configuration to speed-up the actions buld time
• [x] Adds permissions allowing the action to create security issues
• [ ] Removes non-existant target branches

Please note this PR was created semi-automatically. If you find any issue with it, don't hesitate to ping me. See discussion in https://github.com/jenkinsci/asm-api-plugin/pull/36

Testing done

Awaiting run of the action to verify the changes...

Submitter checklist

• [x] Make sure you are opening from a topic/feature/bugfix branch (right side) and not your main branch!
• [x] Ensure that the pull request title represents the desired changelog entry
• [x] Please describe what you did
• [ ] Link to relevant issues in GitHub or Jira
• [x] Link to relevant pull requests, esp. upstream and downstream changes
• [ ] Ensure you have provided tests - that demonstrates feature works or fixes the issue

[strangelookingnerd]

[2024-08-08 14:06:19] [autobuild] org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal on project configure-job-column-plugin: Could not resolve dependencies for project org.jenkins-ci.plugins:configure-job-column-plugin:hpi:999999-SNAPSHOT: Could not transfer artifact commons-httpclient:commons-httpclient:jar:3.1-jenkins-3 from/to repo.jenkins-ci.org (https://repo.jenkins-ci.org/public/): GET request of: commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient/3.1-jenkins-3/commons-httpclient-3.1-jenkins-3.jar from repo.jenkins-ci.org failed

It seems there was a timeout during dependency resolution. Restarting the check manually may resolve this.