feat(jest-config):Support loading TS config files via docblock loader

[k-rajat19]

Summary

Unblocks #13143 Unblocks #11989

Added support for loading Typescript configuration files by specifying a loader in a docblock comment in config file. this is a continuation of work done in #13742 one can define a loader in a docblock comment like this:

/**@jest-config-loader ts-node(or esbuild-register)*/

import type {Config} from 'jest';

const config: Config = {
  verbose: true,
};

export default config;

if there is no loader defined it uses ts-node by default for loading a config file. currently there is support for esbuild-register and ts-node.

Test plan

Added e2e tests

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[SimenB]

Thanks for sending a PR!

this PR also opt-out using ts-node by default which was initially set as a default loader for loading ts configs (https://github.com/jestjs/jest/issues/13143#issuecomment-1374565096) So Jest will not do anything by default for loading ts configs, one has to define a loader in a docblock comment like this:

I think we should change default behaviour in a separate PR, just to keep the scope per PR down a bit

[k-rajat19]

I think we should change default behaviour in a separate PR, just to keep the scope per PR down a bit

Should I update docs in a separate PR ? after current one and PR which changes default behaviour lands or in this one according to current changes :)

[SimenB]

Updating the docs here with info about the docblock makes sense. Even though we might delete parts of the new docs when changing default behaviour 🙂

[SimenB]

https://github.com/jestjs/jest/releases/tag/v30.0.0-alpha.6

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