Convert from_type to parent logical type before attempting a cast.

[GPSnoopy]

This is part of larger PR for polars https://github.com/pola-rs/polars/issues/9373.

Though it does seem to be the right thing when doing a cast and dealing with extension types.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 100.00% and no project coverage change.

Comparison is base (2d2e705) 83.47% compared to head (2078857) 83.47%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #1508 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 83.47% 83.47% ======================================= Files 388 388 Lines 41996 41997 +1 ======================================= + Hits 35057 35058 +1 Misses 6939 6939 ``` | [Impacted Files](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1508?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [src/compute/cast/mod.rs](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1508?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao#diff-c3JjL2NvbXB1dGUvY2FzdC9tb2QucnM=) | `90.67% <100.00%> (+0.01%)` | :arrow_up: | ... and [6 files with indirect coverage changes](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1508/indirect-changes?src=pr&el=tree-more&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao)

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[GPSnoopy]

Closing PR as per https://github.com/pola-rs/polars/issues/9373#issuecomment-1602265718