feat: add temporal conversions that don't panic

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 100.00% and project coverage change: -0.01% :warning:

Comparison is base (15c5ec1) 83.43% compared to head (70f1d5d) 83.43%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #1523 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 83.43% 83.43% -0.01% ========================================== Files 388 388 Lines 42070 42088 +18 ========================================== + Hits 35102 35117 +15 - Misses 6968 6971 +3 ``` | [Files Changed](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1523?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [src/temporal\_conversions.rs](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1523?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao#diff-c3JjL3RlbXBvcmFsX2NvbnZlcnNpb25zLnJz) | `88.85% <100.00%> (+0.62%)` | :arrow_up: | ... and [3 files with indirect coverage changes](https://app.codecov.io/gh/jorgecarleitao/arrow2/pull/1523/indirect-changes?src=pr&el=tree-more&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Jorge+Leitao)

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