"Invalid Numeric Literal" on colon following a single-quoted string (incorrect parser error message)

[bartgrantham]

EDIT (20150416): I KNOW IT'S INVALID JSON. THE BUG IS ABOUT THE NONSENSICAL ERROR MESSAGE

I get this from absent-mindedly and incorrectly using single-quotes:

$ echo "{'foo':'bar'}" | jq .foo
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 7

This is under 1.3. Trying to reproduce under 1.4, but after 5 minutes of trying to build from source I'm just going to submit this and move on.

[pkoppstein]

@bartgrantham - Later versions produce the same (confusing) error message, e.g.

$ jq --version
jq-1.4-100-g0f89270
$ echo "{'foo':'bar'}" | jq .foo
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 7

The simplest demonstration of the issue may be:

echo "'" | jq  .
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 2, column 0

[stedolan]

This is a very long-standing issue with the JSON parser (not the parser for jq code, but the parser for JSON input). Essentially, the logic is: is it an array? nope. is it an object? nope. (...) well, it must be a number. parse error on a number.

I suppose the fix is probably to choose a different error message if the invalid character is not in [0-9+-].

[bergerjac]

according to json.org a string is to be "wrapped in double quotes"

so, use double and escape from echo's

$ echo "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}" | jq .foo
"bar"

[wtlangford]

We've found the best practice to be single quotes around json data and also your jq program.

$ echo '{"foo":"bar"}' | jq '.foo'

It allows you to use double quotes without escaping and prevents the shell from attempting to process them.

Also, 1.4 should exist as precompiled binaries on the website and is also in most package manager repositories.

On Sun, Nov 23, 2014, 11:44 Jacob Berger notifications@github.com wrote:

according to json.org http://www.json.org/ a string is to be "wrapped in double quotes"

so, use double and escape from echo's

$ echo "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}" | jq .foo

"bar"

— Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/501#issuecomment-64124363.

[bartgrantham]

@bergerjac, @wtlangford - I know single-quotes for strings are wrong, I mentioned at the beginning that I "absent-mindedly and incorrectly" used them. The issue is that the error produced is cryptic.

[wtlangford]

Good point. I might look into a better error for the parser, but the issue with that is the parser does "is it an object?" "Is it an array?" "Is it a string?" "Must be a number!". The current master gives a slightly better error, but I've also seen it fail an assertion, depending on what I pass in.

On Sun, Nov 23, 2014, 12:29 Bart Grantham notifications@github.com wrote:

@bergerjac https://github.com/bergerjac, @wtlangford https://github.com/wtlangford - I know single-quotes for strings are wrong, I mentioned at the beginning that I "absent-mindedly and incorrectly" used them. The issue is that the error produced is cryptic.

— Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/501#issuecomment-64126198.

[nicowilliams]

Of course, the Windows cmd.exe isn't... as advanced as the typical Unix shell.

We really need something like a REPL to make Windows jq users happy...

[delip]

Ok, I have a big json dump (sql export) that gives this error. Any work-arounds to make it work with jq until this error is fixed?

[pkoppstein]

@delip - Since you have a big JSON dump, you are presumably reading it in as a file. In that case, from what you write, it would seem that the error message you see will give the line and column numbers of the invalid JSON. Thus it is unclear to me what kind of work-around you would like. That is, if your big json dump is invalid JSON, the simplest thing to do might be to fix it.

[nicowilliams]

@delip You have to give us an example. @bartgrantham That's not JSON. JSON uses double-quotes -not single-quotes- for strings.

If the request is to have more sensible error messages from the JSON parser, that's another story.

[bartgrantham]

@nicowilliams, I know! I said it in the opening post that it was "incorrect", the bug is about the error messages being misleading. I even wrote it again in this thread, barely a page up from your comment:

I know single-quotes for strings are wrong, I mentioned at the beginning that I "absent-mindedly and incorrectly" used them. The issue is that the error produced is cryptic.

[nicowilliams]

Heheh, sorry @bartgrantham.

[forging2012]

PLS use cat /tmp/data.log | jq . Do not use grep "KEY" /tmp/data.log | jq .

[wtlangford]

Your pasted output from the preliminary command works for me when I pipe it into your jq command. I suspect /tmp/read may be doing something different when it's piped into jq? Try echo "42fdfc072112624f" | /tmp/read | tee test.out and see what's in test.out?

On Mon, Jun 11, 2018 at 9:55 AM mh-cbon notifications@github.com wrote:

hey guys, i m facing the same issue, but i don t understand.

Please take a look

$ echo "42fdfc072112624f" | /tmp/read | jq -r '.["42fdfc072112624f"]' parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 9

where preliminary command output is

$ echo "42fdfc072112624f" | /tmp/read { "42fdfc072112624f": "65465Uv38ByGCZU1WP18P" }

????????

— You are receiving this because you were mentioned. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/501#issuecomment-396251615, or mute the thread https://github.com/notifications/unsubscribe-auth/ADQ4VyStuKNUas8FzoXl8W28hHv_YT0_ks5t7nbSgaJpZM4CQUNi .

[wtlangford]

Great!

[rahul5591]

How i can update value of existing key using jw in shell script

[simesy]

This error came up for me using jq . < output-json.sh but disappeared when I did output-json.sh | jq .. I don't know why but maybe it will help someone (googling initially led me here).

[bartgrantham]

@simesy That's because you're sending the content of output-json.sh itself into jq, not the output of running that command. It's the same as jq . < somedata.json.

If you really want to redirect the output of your shell script into jq with input redirection, you can do it in bash with jq . <(output-json.sh), but IMHO the pipe syntax you're using is much clearer to read.

[sandikodev]

whoo use curl then parse to jq like 'curl http://req.url/get | jq .' then get error like on top. just add -s on curl, like ' curl -s http://req.url/get | jq .' and everything be alright

[chet-manley]

Curious why this was closed? v1.6 still outputs the same nonsense error if the input is not valid JSON.

$ printf '%s' " ' " | jq .
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at EOF at line 1, column 3
$ echo $?
4

[afontenot]

@chet-manley yeah, I think maybe @wtlangford closed this by accident thinking it was a different bug report? This should be re-opened IMO.

% jq --version
jq-1.6
% echo "{'test': 'test'}" | jq
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 8

[nkhoury-payments]

Should definitely be re-opened.

[chet-manley]

@stedolan @wtlangford Any guidance as to why this was closed without addressing the issue?

[nkhoury-payments]

@chet-manley if the file is using single quote, then it's not actually json format. A json payload must use quotation marks. This is based on the actual standard as per RFC 8259 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8259)

I think it's still a good feature to have it support single quotes.

PS: The mistake that our engineer was doing is not specifying the file/format type in his request. So he was getting single quotes. As soon as he started specifying this, he got back quotations in his payloads.

[bartgrantham]

@nkhoury-payments This issue is not about single quotes vs. double quotes. This issue is about the misleading error message "Invalid numeric literal" when the error is the use of a single quote. That's what @chet-manley was referring to, and what this issue is about.

Incedentally, it would be a huge mistake for jq to start supporting non-standard single quotes in JSON.

[nkhoury-payments]

@bartgrantham thanks for the clarification about the error message.

[get6]

I install jq from brew on macOS. And I copied and pasted jq tutorial this text

jq '.[0] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}' 

on iTerm. But this command not finished. I think this is waiting ; then it occured

parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 2, column 0

I don't think you mayby understand what i say. because i'm not good at English. Thx

[itchyny]

jq processes the standard input curl -s 'https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5' | jq '.[0] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}'

[get6]

@itchyny Wow.. Thanks! It was my mistake

[jonassteinberg1]

having this issue with 1.6

[disalberto]

Confirm to have the issue with 1.6. Putting the output of a curl in a file and then cat test.json | jq . and everything works fine...chaining jq directly to the curl does not work :(

[m-dunbar]

@nkhoury-payments

Issue #501 has AGAIN been closed incorrectly, after apparently being incorrectly cross-linked with unrelated issues.

This issue is about the misleading error message "Invalid numeric literal" when the error is the use of a single quote.

bartgrantham commented on May 11, 2020 @nkhoury-payments This issue is not about single quotes vs. double quotes. This issue is about the misleading error message "Invalid numeric literal" when the error is the use of a single quote. That's what @chet-manley was referring to, and what this issue is about.

Incidentally, it would be a huge mistake for jq to start supporting non-standard single quotes in JSON.

[TheNetworkIsDown]

Can someone please reopen. This issue has not been adressed. A few more years and we can celebrate a decade.

[queglay]

I am also getting this in jq 1.6

[queglay]

I have a payload (a certificate actually that is now destroyed) that is this:

{
  "request_id": "68366d13-83ac-20de-ea2e-f03120eb21c5",
  "lease_id": "",
  "lease_duration": 0,
  "renewable": false,
  "data": {
    "data": {
      "file": "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",
      "format": "base64",
      "gid": "1002",
      "owner": "deadlineuser",
      "permissions": "0640",
      "uid": "1002"
    },
    "metadata": {
      "created_time": "2021-04-05T09:13:22.454953362Z",
      "deletion_time": "",
      "destroyed": false,
      "version": 39
    }
  },
  "warnings": null
}

And if I try to read it, with this command it will error:

echo "$payload" | jq -r '.data.data.file' | base64 --decode | sudo tee $target_path
parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 7

Is this a bug or am I doing it wrong?

[bartgrantham]

@queglay - This is unrelated to this issue.

As for your problem, I put the JSON in a file and was able to extract and base64-decode it properly with: cat test.json | jq -r '.data.data.file' | base64 --decode > payload. I would guess that your problem is trying to pass JSON through a shell variable. The double-quotes are probably getting mangled somewhere in there.

I would suggest being very careful with a shell construction like this. You're piping an opaque blob of base64-encoded data through sudo tee. That's probably ok if you have high confidence of what the value of $target_path will be, but it resembles the syntactically similar sudo tee $contents_of_file_blob, which could be dangerous. A foggy-headed refactor putting variables in the wrong places could leave this open for exploitation. You've probably already considered it, but I wanted to point it out as it made my "potential security bug" circuit fire.

[queglay]

Interestingly, I can perform the operation without issue in a shell, but if run during a user data script on boot in ubuntu 18 on ec2, then the error crops up, so I can't reproduce it adhoc.

Thanks for sharing your concern re the potential security bug. I have high confidence over the origin of both values, but honestly hadn't considered what you mention here. For my education sake if someone wanted to do harm by manipulation of $target_path what would an example be?

[bartgrantham]

Interestingly, I can perform the operation without issue in a shell, but if run during a user data script on boot in ubuntu 18 on ec2, then the error crops up, so I can't reproduce it adhoc.

Maybe do echo "$payload" > test.json and check test.json manually to make sure it looks the way you expect it to? (check a hexdump of it too, just in case)

For my education sake if someone wanted to do harm by manipulation of $target_path what would an example be?

/bin/sh, /etc/passwd, /etc/sudoers, /boot/vmlinuz, ... That's off the top of my head, but I'm not a security researcher. I'm sure they have a whole playbook of exploits based around the toehold of being able to overwrite a file on a victim's machine.

[pkoppstein]

@queglay - I have verified that with your JSON, echo "$payload" | jq -r '.data.data.file'works properly with all extant versions of jq (jq 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.6 master).

For future reference, please ask usage questions related to jq at stackoverflow.com using the jq tag: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jq, being sure to follow the SO guidelines at http://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve

[cescoferraro]

I solved my issue by using printf instead of echo

[phocheng]

You can do something like eval "jq '.[\"${your_key}\"]' ${file_path}"

[tronar]

This is old and may be referred somewhere else, but I got this message because the input was UTF-16. In my case, to me that was not self evident... HTH

[A1vinSmith]

cat context.txt | ./convert_to_json.py | jq

python script.py | ./convert_to_json.py | jq

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import json
import ast

def convert_to_json(input_str):
    # Safely evaluate string to Python object
    try:
        python_dict = ast.literal_eval(input_str)
        return json.dumps(python_dict)
    except (SyntaxError, ValueError) as e:
        return json.dumps({"error": f"Failed to parse input: {str(e)}"})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Read from stdin
    input_data = sys.stdin.read().strip()

    # Convert and print to stdout
    print(convert_to_json(input_data))

[wader]

@A1vinSmith not sure i follow the relation to this issue. this covert python ast to json?

[A1vinSmith]

Hi @wader, based on comments from previous discussions, this script addresses the issues that were raised. It can also be a feature of jq, like jq -enhance

echo "{'foo':'bar'}" | jq
jq: parse error: Invalid numeric literal at line 1, column 7

vi convert_to_json.py
chmod +x convert_to_json.py

echo "{'foo':'bar'}" | ./convert_to_json.py | jq
{
  "foo": "bar"
}

[chet-manley]

Your example uses truly invalid JSON, and is not what this issue is about.

[bartgrantham]

Just use tr:

$ echo "{'foo':'bar'}" |  tr "\"'" "'\"" | jq
{
  "foo": "bar"
}

[A1vinSmith]

Your example uses truly invalid JSON, and is not what this issue is about.

Hi Chet, Do you see the first post under the thread? https://github.com/jqlang/jq/issues/501#issue-38596639

EDIT (20150416): I KNOW IT'S INVALID JSON. My solution solved exactly it.

[chet-manley]

EDIT (20150416): I KNOW IT'S INVALID JSON. THE BUG IS ABOUT THE NONSENSICAL ERROR MESSAGE

Your solution is not relevant to the issue being raised, and it even says so in the edit. The JSON is invalid on purpose to showcase the nonsensical error message raised. We are not attempting to solve parsing invalid JSON, only the error message produced. Invalid JSON should never be parsable, by design.

[bartgrantham]

Invalid JSON should never be parsable, by design.

I'd like to emphasize this. If the "JSON" is malformed, it's not JSON. IMHO jq absolutely should not have a feature where it supports invalid JSON by some kind of transformation. The great value of JSON is that it's minimal and rigorously defined, compromising on that is a mistake.