[docs] add section of querying the Jacobian

[odow]

x-ref https://github.com/jump-dev/JuMP.jl/issues/2348#issuecomment-2192684252

https://jump.dev/JuMP.jl/previews/PR3779/tutorials/nonlinear/querying_hessians/#Jacobians

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 98.39%. Comparing base (4db5a0c) to head (07b14c5).

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #3779 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 98.39% 98.39% ======================================= Files 44 44 Lines 5905 5905 ======================================= Hits 5810 5810 Misses 95 95 ```

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