Drop Python 3.7 and add Python 3.12

[justindujardin]

The circle of life is beautiful. Python 3.7 has reached its end, and Python 3.12 rises to carry on its name.

Motivation Pathy has relied on the internals of pathlib.Path to support complex things like glob matching and the differences between Windows and Posix paths. Because of this when the python developers rightly refactor their internals, Pathy breaks. 😭

We need to stop depending on the internals of pathlib to avoid the yearly "new version of python breakage". It was on my list to inline the parts of pathlib needed and call it good, but then the absolute legend @barneygale published a pypi package pathlib_abc that's synced from CPython and implements the logic we depended on inside of pathlib.

Now, we can have a proper public API to work from and not lose sleep every time a new version of Python is released. 😎

This PR updates Pathy to use pathlib_abc and supports Python 3.12 while deprecating Python 3.7, which reached end-of-life in the middle of last year.

Changes

• Replace pathlib.Path with pathlib_abc.BasePath
• Drop Python3.7 and add Python3.12 to CI build
• Resolves #105, Resolves #106

Breaking Changes

• Pathy no longer inherits from pathlib.Path changing type checks looking at a Pathy comparing it for pathlib.Path. This is better overall but could break user code in rare cases.
• Pathy no longer raises a ValueError when given an invalid bucket path. It's unclear how to cleanly differentiate file system paths from chunks of paths used for constructing bucket paths, except in the absolute path case.
• Pathy no longer automatically collapses relative paths. Before Pathy('gs://bucket/foo/../bar') would automatically become Pathy('gs://bucket/bar'). Now you have to use resolve() to get the same output Pathy('gs://bucket/foo/../bar').resolve()

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Comparison is base (90eb026) 99.91% compared to head (fc85a5c) 99.91%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #112 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 99.91% 99.91% -0.01% ========================================== Files 6 7 +1 Lines 1159 1122 -37 ========================================== - Hits 1158 1121 -37 Misses 1 1 ```

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[github-actions[bot]]

:tada: This PR is included in version 0.11.0 :tada:

The release is available on GitHub release

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