CLI refactor to clap derive macro

[sergiimk]

Description

Our CLI parsing was verbose and fragile. This change makes it type-safe.

This refactoring was long and it sucked, but had to bite the bullet as we would suffer more with the upcoming IaC changes that affect CLI significantly.

Checklist before requesting a review

• [x] Unit and integration tests added
• [x] Compatibility:
  • [x] Network APIs: ✅
  • [x] Workspace layout and metadata: ✅
  • [x] Configuration: ✅
  • [x] Container images: ✅
• [x] Documentation:
  • [x] Changelog: ✅
  • [x] Public documentation: ✅
• [x] Downstream effects:
  • [x] kamu-node: ✅