bug: Figure out plan for supporting Datums / new Arrow APIs

[bjchambers]

Description Arrow is introducing a Datum type which makes it easier to support arrays and scalar values in a variety of methods. They are gradually implementing new kernels based on the Datum type and deprecating the old methods. We should figure out what this means for our expression evaluators.

[bjchambers]

At a high level, this is nice -- it makes it easier to work with Literals.

We currently intend to distinguish between add and add_scalar instructions. This allows us to look at the compiled plan and see if we have any literal instructions remaining, which (inefficiently) cause the conversion of a scalar value to an array. During plan generation, we would try to replace add(x, 1) with add_scalar(x, 1).

Generally, we think is still likely the best path, from the terms of simplicity of executing the plans and supporting instructions like field_ref which need to statically know the type of the field name.

Alternative:

1. Use const in instruction signatures to indicate this argument must be const (eg., field ref)
2. Allow arguments to be Some(index) or None (indicating a literal).

This could open the possibility of having a None in the arguments that doesn't have a corresponding literal value, as well as making it less clear where literals may occur.