Added Configuration for Jest and module updates + AuthenticationService tests

[r4inee]

Resolves #120, resolves #106.

Partially contribute to #46.

• Added tests for AuthenticationService
• Added partial tests for AuthenticateComponent (for AuthenticationService related functionalities)
• Commented broken functions as Jest compiles the typescript files to javascript (will comment out some already broken code in authenticate.ts, git.ts, repo.ts, router.ts for those who are working on these files)
• Upgraded some libraries to make it compatible with jest (es6-shim, reflect-metadata, zone.js). This took quite a while to figure out and hopefully it doesn't break things.
• Decided to stick with typescript 1.8 for now due to a large stack of incompatible dependencies (probably is worth another large task to bump angular2 to official release and typescript to 3.0.0+)
• Note that testing via jest needs to cross-compile ts to js and ts-jest is used for that. However, a particular version of ts-jest will only support a few versions of typescript + has a few large dependencies.

[r4inee]

If everyone is ok with the test folder structure (i.e. mirroring the app folder structure instead of having tests in the component folders) then LGTM.

Also blocking for now to let people review this.

This is required right now since u need to cross-compile tests into javascript for jest to work in separation of whether the rest of the files compiles.