Translate Go algorithm comments from Portuguese to English

Translated comments, variable names, and function names in Go algorithm files from Portuguese to English.

Comments: Updated all comments to English to improve readability for English-speaking developers.
Variable Names: Renamed variables from Portuguese to English to align with common coding conventions and enhance code clarity.
Function Names: Renamed functions from Portuguese to English to maintain consistency and readability.
Code: No functional changes to the code; only identifiers and comments were modified.

kelvins / algorithms-and-data-structures