[WebComp] Convert badge to lit component

[RasmusKjeldgaard]

Tech Refinement

Re-create kirby-badge as a web component.

• A POC is created here as tech refinement: https://github.com/jakobe/inifity-and-beyond/blob/main/libs/core/src/components/badge/badge.component.ts

Accessibility

Research other badge implementations (e.g. MUI badge and Ionic Badge) and implement measures - if any.

Scope

It is out of scope for this issue to also substitute the existing kirby-badge in the angular package with the newly created web component. See related tracking issue: #3469