chore(backend): update python from 3.7 to 3.12

[juliusvonkohout]

Description of your changes:

Follow up of https://github.com/kubeflow/pipelines/pull/10750 @rimolive @chensun @rickyxie0929 @connor-mccarthy

@rickyxie0929 @rimolive this is a fast draft, i can add you to my pipelines for if you want to add changes here.

Checklist:

• [ ] The title for your pull request (PR) should follow our title convention. Learn more about the pull request title convention used in this repository.

[google-oss-prow[bot]]

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[juliusvonkohout]

We could also go to 3.11 first if that helps.

[juliusvonkohout]

/retest-required

[google-oss-prow[bot]]

@juliusvonkohout: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
kubeflow-pipeline-upgrade-test	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	false	/test kubeflow-pipeline-upgrade-test
kubeflow-pipelines-samples-v2	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	false	/test kubeflow-pipelines-samples-v2
kubeflow-pipelines-components-google-cloud-python38	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-components-google-cloud-python38
kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python310	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python310
kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python38	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python38
kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python39	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python39
kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python311	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python311
kfp-kubernetes-execution-tests	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	false	/test kfp-kubernetes-execution-tests
kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python312	a6d551a40f783c2b66eea15735a00e91209b50eb	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-sdk-python312

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[juliusvonkohout]

CVE Scanning Automatic CVE scanning with Trivy on the master branch is relevant for DevSecOps and enterprise security guidelines https://github.com/kubeflow/manifests/blob/master/.github/workflows/trivy.yaml Here are some numbers from June 25 https://github.com/kubeflow/manifests/actions/runs/9658715319/job/26640495132 I need someone independent to verify the script and numbers.

Working Group	Images	Critical CVE	High CVE	Medium CVE	Low CVE
AutoML	13	15	231	547	756
Pipelines	45	204	1909	7342	3236
Workbenches(Notebooks)	12	26	222	315	230
Kserve	13	43	522	1986	1418
Manifests	18	19	18	174	78
Training	1	1	1	1	0
Model Registry	3	18	71	104	147
All Images	105	326	2974	10469	5865