Support contextual logging

[bells17]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

I've updated the klog functions used within livenessprobe to contextual logging functions, following the guidelines below: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-instrumentation/migration-to-structured-logging.md

In a previous PR below, I addressed structured logging, but I realized that I only handled structured logging and did not address contextual logging. https://github.com/kubernetes-csi/livenessprobe/pull/202

Therefore, in this PR, I have addressed contextual logging.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

• Added contextual logging checks using logcheck. (You can run logcheck with make test or make logcheck)

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

Added support for contextual logging.

[bells17]

/wg structured-logging /priority important-longterm /kind cleanup /cc @pohly (I did cc because @pohly is the only member of @kubernetes/wg-structured-logging-reviews within kubernetes-csi org.)

https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/sig-instrumentation/migration-to-structured-logging.md#what-to-include-in-the-pull-request

[bells17]

/hold

https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/C09QZFCE5/p1715087356356999

[jsafrane]

/lgtm /approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: bells17, jsafrane

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files: - ~~[OWNERS](https://github.com/kubernetes-csi/livenessprobe/blob/master/OWNERS)~~ [jsafrane] Approvers can indicate their approval by writing `/approve` in a comment Approvers can cancel approval by writing `/approve cancel` in a comment

[jsafrane]

/hold cancel logcheck crash was fixed.