Add e2e test job for main branch that uses Kubernetes latest

[sbueringer]

Let's add a new e2e test job for the main branch (presubmit & periodics) with runs all e2e tests against Kubernetes latest

Based on current versions this should roughly use this config

  KUBERNETES_VERSION_MANAGEMENT: "ci/latest-1.31"
  KUBERNETES_VERSION: "ci/latest-1.31"
  KUBERNETES_VERSION_UPGRADE_FROM: "v1.30.2"
  KUBERNETES_VERSION_UPGRADE_TO: "ci/latest-1.31"

(variables should be overwritten via env vars in k/test-infra)

[sbueringer]

/cc @fabriziopandini @chrischdi (Just fyi)

/triage accepted /area e2e-testing

[fabriziopandini]

/help

[k8s-ci-robot]

@fabriziopandini: This request has been marked as needing help from a contributor.

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In response to [this](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cluster-api/issues/10955): >/help Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available [here](https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/guide/pull-requests.md). If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the [kubernetes-sigs/prow](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/prow/issues/new?title=Prow%20issue:) repository.

[SD-13]

I want to work on this issue. /assign

[SD-13]

@sbueringer we need to add both jobs in presubmit and periodic these two files right?

[SD-13]

@sbueringer like this https://github.com/kubernetes/test-infra/pull/33288 ?

[sbueringer]

I'll get back to this and respond once we're done with the CAPI v1.8 / Kubernetes 1.31 release

[sbueringer]

@SD-13 Reviewed the PR in test-infra. Yes we need it in pre-submit & periodic (but only for the main branch)

[chrischdi]

Tests have been green but for now looks flaky. But let's handle the flakyness not as part of this issue 👍

Thanks @SD-13 !