[release-1.24] Update k8s.io/cloud-provider, golang.org/x/net

[cartermckinnon]

What type of PR is this?

/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

1.24 is EOL in k/k -- this PR updates this repo to the last 1.24 dependency version. It also pulls in a fix for golang/x/net while we're at it. We should cut one more 1.24 release.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?: NONE

[k8s-ci-robot]

This issue is currently awaiting triage.

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[cartermckinnon]

/release-note-none

[cartermckinnon]

/retest

[cartermckinnon]

Test seems to be broken by: https://github.com/kubernetes/kops/commit/47b1c370693179e4152521e498d5b8a4e21583ef, or changes associated with this commit

 Error: field spec.cloudProvider.aws.ebsCSIDriver.enabled not found in *Cluster 

[cartermckinnon]

Got a fix up in #691 .

[hakman]

/retest

[k8s-ci-robot]

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