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2 weeks ago What is Data in Computing? Data is information that can be interpreted and used by computers. It is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations, or even just descriptions of things. In computing, data is typically stored electronically in the form of files or databases. Data can come from many sources including user input (typed words or images), sensors (temperature readings.), or algorithms (calculations).
How do computers use Data? Computer systems use data to process tasks ranging from sending emails to performing complex calculations. Without data, they won’t work. The data fed into a computer system dictates the instructions it will receive and therefore the actions it will take. For example, when you enter a web address into your browser, this data tells the computer to fetch the relevant web page from a server and display it on your screen.
What types of Data does a computer understand? Computers only understand two types of data; binary code and character-based code. Binary code consists only of ones and zeros—which can be meaningful when put together in long, differentiated strings. Character-based code consists of letters, numbers, and symbols that humans recognize as part of an alphabet, such as ASCII for English characters or Unicode for languages like Arabic.
Why is Data compression important when storing computer files? Data compression reduces the size of digital files by encoding them in fewer bits than normal. By reducing file sizes, we can store more information in limited storage space, transfer files across networks faster, and transmit data over mobile networks with better efficiency. Two popular methods for compressing digital files are lossless compression (where no quality is lost but efficiency gains are minimal), or lossy compression (where some detail may be lost but further size reductions are possible).
How is Data secured on computers? Data security ensures that sensitive information cannot fall into the wrong hands. Techniques used to secure computer data include encryption, which scrambles messages so they cannot be read without knowing a specific decryption key; authentication, which verifies user-access identities through passwords; and access control, which limits certain users to see only certain data. Other techniques include firewalls that create virtual walls between trusted networks and the internet and virus-scanning software that detects malicious programs.
How is Data analysis used in computing? Data analysis involves collecting information from multiple sources and seeking to understand it to discover patterns, trends, or correlations. By analyzing different sets of data side by side, we can spot relationships that might not have been noticed otherwise. Companies often use data analysis to gain strategic advantages over competitors by seeking to predict future trends.
How do computers learn from Data? Computers and computer-driven machines can “learn” using algorithms with large sets of known inputs called training datasets. These datasets contain examples labeled with expected outputs based on certain inputs. The machines apply their learned concepts in new ways, eliminating the need for pre-programming in certain instances.
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