Circle starks

[ColoCarletti]

Circle Starks

This PR introduces the foundational components necessary for the Circle Starks protocol implementation.

Key Features:

• Mersenne-31 field: Incorporates the Mersenne-31 field, its quadratic and quartic extensions, along with all required operations.
• Circle group: Defines the circle group and implements operations between its elements.
• Sets and cosets: Generates sets and cosets to construct the necessary domains within the circle group.
• CFFT: Implements the Circle Fast Fourier Transform (CFFT) for both interpolation and evaluation of the bivariate polynomial used in the Circle Starks protocol.

Type of change

• [x] New feature

Checklist

• [ ] Linked to Github Issue
• [x] Unit tests added
• [x] This change requires new documentation.
  • [ ] Documentation has been added/updated.
• [ ] This change is an Optimization
  • [ ] Benchmarks added/run

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.41176% with 38 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.62%. Comparing base (3bb1fa1) to head (a6738c7).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
math/src/circle/point.rs	84.24%	23 Missing :warning:
math/src/circle/cosets.rs	88.00%	6 Missing :warning:
math/src/field/fields/mersenne31/extensions.rs	0.00%	6 Missing :warning:
math/src/circle/polynomial.rs	99.17%	2 Missing :warning:
math/src/circle/twiddles.rs	98.24%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #924 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 71.12% 71.62% +0.49% ========================================== Files 144 149 +5 Lines 31880 32560 +680 ========================================== + Hits 22676 23321 +645 - Misses 9204 9239 +35 ```

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