[5.x] Fix setting custom ASSET_URLs and support cache busting without integrity check

[mmachatschek]

Fixes #1425 Fixes #1426

There were already tries to integrate Vite with telescope which have been postponed because of the linked issues and other concerns. I think this PR now solves all of these issues.

@timacdonald I would love to hear your opinion as well as you were involved in a lot of these discussions as well:

• https://github.com/laravel/framework/issues/48964
• https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/49329 (missing cleanup functionality for packages exporting vite files that include the file hash in the filename) because of this, we need to manually craft cache busting ids to the filename in the manifest instead of using the normal hashed files of vite e.g. app.129hg41.js. Without the cleanup, users would end up with a lot of outdated files published by packages like laravel/horizon and laravel/telescope
• https://github.com/laravel/telescope/pull/1391 -> has been reverted because of the broken npm run dev commands which this version of the vite implementation resolves

also related:

• https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/45257
• https://github.com/laravel/vite-plugin/pull/251 (cleanup on the javascript side for the laravel-vite-plugin)

Screenshots:

Running vite dev mode renders the "none" vite url

Setting a custom ASSET_URL works:

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