The math section and paragraph signs are missing from the Unicode redefinitions in unicode-math's unicode-math-table.tex. Instead, the definitions from fontmath.ltx are used assigning them to "78 and "7B, respectively, hence yielding "x" and "{".
I spent quite some time trying to use \UnicodeMathSymbol as in unicode-math-table.tex to add the missing definitions, then switching to all the possible variants of the solutions suggested at
with no luck. I have the impression unicode-math-table.tex is a database read once and for all while processing \setmathfont, and that later additions using \UnicodeMathSymbol are simply not possible. (Indeed, editing unicode-math-table.tex to add the missing definitions works, but this is not a solution I was willing to consider.)
So after reading one more time the unicode-math doc, I tried out of desperation
and this did work! It feels a bit odd to specify a math alphabet (symbols) in the redefinition, as I thought unicode-math made this notion obsolete, but I imagine this is the way Unicode is made to fit within LaTeX's math design.
From Bruno: