import serial
import pyautogui
arduino = serial.Serial(port='COM15', baudrate=9600)
val=arduino.read().decode().strip()
while (True):
val = arduino.read().decode().strip()
if val.isupper(): # New part
pyautogui.keyDown(val.lower())
else:
pyautogui.keyUp(val)
Can be probably rewritten to
Now can be generalised to all keys