Supplementary Information Sources

Supplementary information 1, 2, 3, 4, 18 and 26 have a focus on the linguistic data, therefore, I included the source information from these documents here. I think the main document with the source information relevant for the our dataset is Supplementary Information 2. The other information from the supplementary documents I included below is mainly related to the phylogenetic analysis of this information, which could also be useful, I thought. I did not include the other supplementary information as it focuses on the agropastoral vocabulary, the archaeological data or the genetic data, or there was no source information included in them.

Main Paper: In their main paper, the authors indicate that they combined dictionary search with fieldwork. They don’t specifically indicate which dictionaries they used though. It is specifically indicated in the paper how the basic vocabulary for Turkic and Tungusic is sourced. The Turkic and Tungusic basic vocabulary included is based on a revision of recently published datasets, according to the authors. These references in the Main Paper Savelyev, A. & Robbeets, M. Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family. J. Lang. Evol. 39–53 (2019). Oskolskaya, S., Koile, E. & Robbeets, M. A Bayesian approach to the classification of Tungusic languages. Diachronica https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.20010.osk (2021).

Supplementary Information 1: Comparative dataset including 3193 cognate sets representing 254 basic vocabulary concepts for 98 Transeurasian languages. Supplementary information 1 does not contain any sources. There they have the data for the basic vocabulary.

Supplementary Information 2: Basic vocabulary etymologies across the Transeurasian languages, underlying semantically equivalent cognate sets scored as (1) in SI 1 Supplementary Information 2 outlines the methodology used in the study for determining cognate classes. The methodology was based on existing etymological research, comparing words across multiple languages to identify potential cognates. They also mention using the Leipzig-Jakarta 200 list and the Jena 200 list as frameworks for selecting basic vocabulary concepts. The Leipzig-Jakarta 200 list is reduced to 195 items due to the merger of a few meanings (e.g., ‘breast’ and ‘chest’). It is supplemented by the Jena 200 list, which is an updated version of the Swadesh 200 list, currently applied to a comparison of Indo-European languages in the CoBL (Cognacy in Basic Lexicon) project by Anderson and Heggarty. Given the large overlap between the two lists, the final list amounts to 254 concepts. At the bottom of this document, they list the sources mentioned within it as follows: References mentioned in Supplementary Information 2 Antonov, A. Le rôle des suffixes nominaux en /+rV/ dans l’expression du lieu et de la direction en japonais et l’hypothèse de leur origine “altaïque” (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales Ph.D. dissertation, 2007). Beckwith, C. Koguryo. The language of Japan’s continental relatives (Brill, 2007). Bentley, J. The verb toru in Old Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 8(2), 131-146 (1999). Benzing, J. Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik. Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 11, 949-1099 (1955a). Benzing, J. Lamutische Grammatik, mit Bibliographie, Sprachproben und Glossar (Otto Harrassowitz, 1955b). Cincius, V. I. (ed) Sravnitel’nyj slovar’ tunguso-man’čžurskich jazykov. Vol. 1-2 (Nauka, 1975-1977). De Smedt, A. & Mostaert, A. Le dialecte monguor, II: grammaire (Uralic and Altaic Series 30.) (Mouton, 1964). Doerfer, G. Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung älterer neupersischer Geschichtsquellen, vor allem der Mongolen- und Timuridenzeit. Vol. 1-4 (Franz Steiner, 1963-1965-1967-1975). Doerfer, G. The problem of Rhotacism / Zetacism. Central Asiatic Journal 28, 36-42 (1984). Erdal, M. Old Turkic word formation. A functional approach to the lexicon (Turcologica 7.) (Harrassowitz, 1991). Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. in Proto-Japanese: Issues and prospects (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 249) (eds Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J.) 15–41 (Benjamins, 2008). Georg, S. Review of Robbeets, Martine 2005. Is Japanese related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? Korean Studies 31, 247-278 (2007). Gorelova, L. M. Manchu grammar (Brill, 2002). Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. Loanwords in the World’s Languages: A Comparative Handbook (Mouton de Gruyter, 2009). Heggarty, P. & Anderson, C. (eds). n.d. Cognacy in Basic Lexicon (CoBL) (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 2015–). Heine, B. & Kuteva, T. World lexicon of grammaticalization (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002). Kara, G. Review of Martine Robbeets, 2005, Is Japanese related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Anthropological Linguistics 49, 95–98 (2007). Lee, K.-M. Geschichte der Koreanischen Sprache (Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1977). Martin, S. E. The Japanese language through time (Yale Univ. Press, 1987). Martin, S. E. A reference grammar of Korean (Tuttle, 1992). Martin, S. E. Consonant lenition in Korean and the Macro-Altaic question (University of Hawai‘i Press, 1996). Miyake, M. H. The phonology of eighth century Japanese revisited: Another reconstruction based upon written records (University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Ph.D. dissertation, 1999). Mudrak, O. A. in Lingvističeskaja rekonstrukcija i drevnejšaja istorija Vostoka [Linguistic Reconstruction and the Ancient History of the East] (eds Kullanda, S. V. et al.) 216-222 (Nauka, 1989). Nedjalkov, Igor V. 1997. Evenki (Descriptive Grammars). London: Routledge. Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages. Utrecht: LOT. Leiden University Ph.D. Dissertation. Poppe, Nicholas. 1954. Grammar of written Mongolian. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. Poppe, Nicholas. 1955. Introduction to Mongolian comparative studies (Mémoires de la société Finno-Ougrienne 110). Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. Poppe, Nicholas. 1973. Über die Bildungssuffixe der mongolischen Bezeichnungen der Körperteile. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 45: 223-243. Ramsey, Samuel Robert. 1977. S-clusters and reinforced Consonants. In Kim, Chin- W. (ed.), Papers in Korean Linguistics, 59–66. Columbia: Hornbeam Press. Ramstedt, Gustaf John. 1912. Zur Verbalstammbildungslehre der mongolish-türkischen Sprachen. Journal de la Société finno-ougrienne 28: 1–86. Rhee, Seongha. 1996. Semantics of verbs and grammaticalization: The development in Korean from a cross-linguistic perspective. Austin: University of Texas Ph.D. dissertation. Robbeets, M. Is Japanese related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? (Turcologica 64.) (Harrassowitz, 2005). Robbeets, M. Diachrony of Verb Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian languages. (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 291.) (Mouton-De Gruyter, 2015). Robbeets, M. Proto-Transeurasian: where and when? Man in India 95, 921-946 (2017). Róna-Tas András & Berta, Á. (eds.). West Old Turkic. Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica 84.) (Harrassowitz, 2011). Rozycki, W. Mongol elements in Manchu (Uralic and Altaic Series 157) (Bloomington, 1994). Russell, K. L. A reconstruction and morphophonemic analysis of proto-Japonic verbal morphology (University of Hawai‘i Ph.D. dissertation, 2006). Sapir, E. A study of phonetic symbolism. Journal of Experimental Phonology 12, 225–239 (1929). Savelyev, A. Staročuvašskij pamjatnik s različenijem dativa i akkuzativa [A pre-Standard Chuvash text with a dative-accusative distinction]. Ural-Altaic Studies 1(40), (in press, 2021). Starostin, S., Dybo, A. & Mudrak, O. Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Brill, 2003). Tekin, T. Zetacism and Sigmatism: Main pillars of the Altaic theory. Central Asiatic Journal 30, 141-160 (1986). Thorpe, M. L. Ryukyuan language history (University of Southern California Ph.D. dissertation, 1983). Unger, J. M. Reconciling comparative and internal reconstruction: The case of Old Japanese /ti, ri, ni/. Language 76, 655–681 (2000). Vovin, A. 2008. Koreo-Japonica: A re-evaluation of a common genetic origin (Center for Korean Studies Monograph) (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2008). Vovin, A. A descriptive and comparative grammar of Western Old Japanese, part 2: adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, particles, postpositions (Languages of Asia 8) (Global Oriental, 2009). Vovin, A. First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the 'Altaic' hypothesis? Türk Dilleri Araštïrmalari 21(2), 251-278 (2013). Whitman, J. B. The phonological basis for the comparison of Japanese and Korean (Harvard University Ph.D. dissertation, 1985). Yanagida, Y. & Whitman, J. Alignment and word order in Old Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 18(2),101–144 (2009).

Supplementary Information 3: Bayesian phylogeographic analysis modelling the spatiotemporal expansion of the Transeurasian languages This attachment was removed because it contains data that could pose a security risk.

Supplementary Information 4: Integration of classical assessment methods and Bayesian phylogeography in identifying the ancestral homelands of Transeurasian References mentioned in Supplementary Information 4 Beckwith, C. I. Koguryo, the Language of Japan’s Continental Relatives: An Introduction to the Historical-Comparative Study of the Japanese-Koguryoic Languages with a Preliminary Description of Archaic Northeastern Middle Chinese (Brill, 2007). Bentley, J. R. in Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on Korean linguistics (eds Park, B-S. & Hye Sook Yoon, J.) 318–325 (International Circle of Korean Linguistics, 1998). Bentley, J. R. A New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon Shoki. Language Research 36.2, 417–443 (2000). Cai, D. et al. Ancient DNA reveals evidence of abundant aurochs (Bos primigenius) in Neolithic northeast China. J. Archaeol. Sci. 98, 72-80 (2018). Dybo, A. V. Lingvisticheskije kontakty rannix tjurkov. Leksicheskij fond. Pratjurkskij period [Language Contact of the Early Turks. The Lexical Stock. The Proto-Turkic Period] (Vostochnaja literatura, 2007). Francis-Ratte, A. Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages (The Ohio State University PhD dissertation, 2016). Helimski, E. Komparativistika, uralistika. Lekcii i statji [Comparative linguistics, Uralic studies. Lectures and papers] (Jazyki russkoj kul’tury, 2000). Hudson, M. J. & Robbeets, M. Archaeolinguistic evidence for the farming/language dispersal of Koreanic. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e52 doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.49 (2020). Kōno, R. The bilingualism of the Paekche language. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 45, 75–86 (1987). Lee, K-M. & Ramsey, R. S. A History of the Korean Language (Cambridge University Press, 2011). Leipe, C., Long, T., Sergusheva, E. A., Wagner M. & Tarasov, P. E. Discontinuous spread of millet agriculture in eastern Asia and prehistoric population dynamics. Science Advances 5(9), eaax6225 (2019). Li, T., Ning, C., Zhushchikhovskaya, I. S., Hudson, M., & Robbeets, M. Millet agriculture dispersed from Northeast China to the Russian Far East: integrating archaeology, genetics, and linguistics. Archaeological Research in Asia 22, 100177 doi:10.1016/j.ara.2020.100177 (2020). Lubotsky, A. & Starostin, S. in Language in Time and Space. A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the occasion of his 80th birthday (eds Bauer, B. L. M. & Pinault, G-J.) 257–270 (Mouton de Gruyter, 2003). Nelson, S. et al. Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 1-20 (2020). Neureiter N., Ranacher P., van Gijn R., Bickel B. & Weibel R. 2021 Can Bayesian phylogeography reconstruct migrations and expansions in linguistic evolution? R. Soc. Open Sci. 8, 201079 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201079. Robbeets, M. in The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages (eds Robbeets, M. & Savelyev, A.) 772–783 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2020). Robbeets, M., Janhunen, J., Savelyev, A. & Korovina, E. in The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages (eds Robbeets, M. & Savelyev, A.) 754–771 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2020). Savelyev, A. in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming (eds Robbeets, M. & Savelyev, A.) 117–148 (Benjamins, 2017). Schönig, C. in The Mongolic Languages (ed Janhunen, J.) 403–419 (Routledge, 2003). Sergusheva, E. A., & Vostretsov, Y. E. in From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman (eds Fairbairn, A. & Weiss, E.) 205–219 (Oxbow books, 2009). Tenishev, Ė. R. & Dybo, A. (2001–2006). Sravnitel’no-istoricheskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov [Comparative-Historical Grammar of the Turkic Languages] 3 vols. (Nauka, 2001-2006). Wang, C-C. & Robbeets, M. The homeland of Proto-Tungusic inferred from contemporary words and ancient genomes. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e8 doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.8 (2020). Wichmann, S. & Rama, T. Testing methods of linguistic homeland detection using synthetic data BioRxiv preprint (2020) doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.280826. Yang, X., Scuderi, L. A., Wang, X., Scuderi L. J., Zhang, D. et al. Groundwater sapping as the cause of irreversible desertification of Hunshandake Sandy Lands, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (3), 702–6. (2015). Yu, C. The Origin of Cattle in China from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (BAR Publishing, 2020).

Supplementary Information 18: Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the linguistic dataset References mentioned in Supplementary Information 18 Dybo, A. V. Lingvisticheskije kontakty rannix tjurkov. Leksicheskij fond. Pratjurkskij period [Language Contact of the Early Turks. The Lexical Stock. The Proto-Turkic Period]. (Vostochnaja literatura, 2007). Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. in Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. (ed Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J.) 15–41 (Benjamins, 2008). Hattori, S. in Okinawagaku no reimei [The dawn of Okinawan studies]. (ed. Ifa Fuyū seitan hyakunen kinenkai) 7–55 (Okinawa bunka kyokai, 1976). Janhunen, Juha in Anantam śāstram: Indological and Linguistic Studies in Honour of Bertil Tikkanen. (ed Klaus Karttunen) 283–305 (Societas Orientalis Fennic, 2010). Janhunen, Juha in Recent Advances in Tungusic Linguistics. (ed Malchukov, A. & Whaley, L.) 5–16 (Harrassowitz, 2012). Lee, S., & Hasegawa, T. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis supports an agricultural origin of Japonic languages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 3662-3669 (2011). Mudrak, O. A. Klassifikacija tjurkskich jazykov i dialektov s pomosčju metodov glottochronologii na osnove voprosov po morfologii i istoričeskoj fonetike. [Glottochronological classification of the Turkic languages and dialects based on a questionnaire on morphology and historical phonology] (RGGU, 2009). Oskolskaya, S., Koile, E. & Robbeets, M. A Bayesian approach to the classification of Tungusic languages. Diachronica (2021). Pellard, T. in Handbook of the Ryukyu Languages: History, Structure, and Use (ed. Heinrich, P., Miyara, S. & Shimoji, M.) 13–37 (de Gruyter, 2015). Pevnov, A. M. in Recent Advances in Tungusic Linguistics. (ed Malchukov, A. & Whaley, L.) 17–40 (Harrassowitz, 2012). Robbeets, M., Janhunen, J., Savelyev, A. & Korovina, E. in The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages. (ed Robbeets, M. & Savelyev, A.) 754-771 (Oxford University Press, 2020). DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0044. Rybatzki, V. in The Mongolic Languages (ed Janhunen, J) 364–390 (Routledge, 2003). Savelyev, A. & Robbeets, M. Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family. J. Lang. Evol. 1-15 (2019) doi: 10.1093/jole/lzz010. Shin, U., Kiaer, J. & Shin, J. in The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages. (ed Robbeets, M. & Savelyev, A.) 258-268 (Oxford University Press, 2020). Tenishev, Ė. R. & Dybo, A. Sravnitel’no-istoricheskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov [Comparative-Historical Grammar of the Turkic Languages]. (Nauka, 2001). Whitman, J. Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan, Rice 4: 149–158 (2011).

Supplementary Information 26: Triangulation of linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence with regard to spatiotemporal and subsistence patterns in Northeast Asia in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. References mentioned in Supplementary Information 26 Damgaard, P., Martiniano, R., Kamm, J., et al. The first horse herders and the impact of early bronze age steppe expansions into Asia. Science 360, 6396, eaar7711, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7711 (2018). Li, T., Ning, C., Zhushchikhovskaya, I. S., et al. Millet agriculture dispersed from Northeast China to the Russian Far East: integrating archaeology, genetics and linguistics. Archaeol. Res. Asia 22, 100177 (2020). Shelach-Lavi, G., Teng, M., Goldsmith, Y. et al Sedentism and plant cultivation in northeast China emerged during affluent conditions. PLoS ONE 14, e0218751. (2019) Stevens, C., Shelach-Lavi, G., Zhang, H., et al. A model for the domestication of Panicum miliaceum (common, proso or broomcorn millet) in China. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-020-00804-z

Martine just answered me in an email, passing me the sources that are apparently in a PDF file of the supplement (I did not know they were in some PDF):

1 Japonic sources
Chamberlain, B. H. Essay in aid of a grammar and dictionary of the Luchuan language [Transaction of the Asiatic Society of Japan 23, suppl.]. ( Z. P. Maruya & Co., 1895) 
Chiyo, K. & Toshizō, T. Yoron-hōgen Jiten [Yoron dialect dictionary] (Musashino Shoin, 2005).
Frellesvig, B. A history of the Japanese language. (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
Hirayama, T.. Ryūkyū Miyako shotō hōgen kiso goi no sōgōteki kenkyū [A composite lexicon of basic vocabulary of the islands of Miyako in the Ryukyus]. (Ōfūsha, 1983)
Hirayama, T., et al. Gendai Nihon-go hōgen dai-jiten Vol. 1-6 [Dictionary of the modern Japanese dialects]. (Meiji shoin, 1992)
Hirayama, T., Ōshima, I. and Nakamoto, M. Ryūkyū-hōgen no sōgō-teki kenkyū [A comprehensive study of the Ryūkyūan dialects]. (Meiji Shoin, 1966).
Jarosz, A. Nikolay Nevskiy’s Miyakoan Dictionary: Reconstruction from the Manuscript and its Ethnolinguistic Analysis. Studies on the manuscript. (Poznań University PhD. Thesis, 2015).
Kokuritsu Kokugo kenkyūjo [National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics] Okinawago jiten [A dictionary of Okinawan]. ( Ōkurashō Insatsukyoku/Zaimushoo Insatsukyoku, 1963/2001).
Lange, R. A.. The phonology of eighth-century Japanese; a reconstruction based upon written records. (Sophia University, 1973).
Lawrence, W. & Takahiro, O. Tokunoshima Asama hougen no rigen meishi akusento shiryou [Accent materials of Asama dialect (Tokunoshima) dialect nouns]. Ryuukyuu-no Hougen 33, 173-180 (2009).
Martin, S. E. The Japanese language through time (Yale Univ. Press, 1987).
Martin, S. E. Shodon: A Dialect of the Northern Ryukyus, Journal of the American Oriental Society 90, 1: 97–139 (1970).
Miyagi, S. Ishigaki hōgen jiten [A dictionary of Ishigaki dialect]. (Okinawa Taimususha, 2003).
Miyara, T. Yaeyama goi. Volume 8 of Miyara Tōsō zenshū. (Dai’ichi Shobō, 1981).
OCOJ  The Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese (http://vsarpj.orinst.ox.ac.uk/corpus/index.html)
Ogawa, M. Tarama-shima chōsa hōkokusho. (Okinawa Kokusai Daigaku Nantō Bunka Kenkyūjo, 1993)
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Osada, S. et al. Amami hōgen bunrui jiten. 2 Volumes. (Kasama Shoin, 1980).
Sadayoshi, T. Miyako Irabu-hōgen Jiten [Irabu dialect dictionary] (Okinawa Times, 2013).
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Shin'ichi, K. Yaeyama hatoma-hougen (1960).
Shin'ichi, K. Hatoma-hougen-no on'in-taikei-ni tsuite [On the phonological system of Hatoma dialect]. Ryuukyuu-no Hougen 3, 3-55 (1961).     
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Shin'ichi, K. in Nihongo-bunmatsushi-no rekishiteki kenkyuu [Historical research into Japanese sentence-final particles], 237-253 (Miyai Shoten, 1998).
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Takahashi, T. Yaeyama-Yonaguni. Volume 12 of Ryūkyū no hōgen. (1987).
Takahashi, T. Tarama hōgen no goi -vol.  2. (Okinawa Kokusai Daigaku Nantō Bunka Kenkyūjo, 1994)
Takahiro, O. Tokunoshima no minwa Kucu to Kwata  [A folktale of Tokunoshima "Kutsu and K'wata (stupid brothers)"], Amami-Okinawa Minkan Bungeigaku [The science of Amami-Okinawa folk literature] 8, 110-116 (2008).
Yonaha, Y. Mya-ku sumafutu jiten [A dictionary of Miyako dialect]. (Okinawa Koroni, 2003).
Zendō, U. in Komatsushiro Yūichi kyōju Taishoku / Shima Minoru kyōju Taikan Kinen Kokugogaku Ronshū [Papers in Japanese Language Studies in Honour of the Retirements of Professors Komatsushiro Yūichi and Shima Minoru] (ed Iwate Kokugo Gakkai Editorial Board), 188-220 (1977) 
Zendō, U. Tokunoshima Asama-hougen-no Fukugou-doushi-no akusento [Accentuation of compound verbs in the asama dialect of Tokunoshima]. Ryuukyuu-no Hougen 28, 1-42 (2004).

 2 Koreanic sources
Ahn, O.-K. Ewen sacen [A dictionary of etymology] (Hankuk Publisher 1996 [1989]).
Bae, D.-O. On the method of Old Korean study. Paytalmal 39, 325-345 (2006).
Bae, D.-O. Itwuwa kwanlyentoyn mech kaci sayngkak [Some thoughts on Idu]. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society of Kugyol, 83-84 (2011).
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Chang, K.-J. An introduction to Seokdokkugyol materials made during the era of Korea dynasty and their utilization. Korean Linguistics 59, 1-38 (2013).
Cho, H.-B. (ed) Kwuke ewenyenkwu chongsel (1) [A collection of Korean etymological studies] (Thayhaksa, 2014).
Cho, Y.-E. Hankwuke ewensacen [A dictionary of Korean etymology] (Dasom Publishing, 2004).
Choe, H. C. & Kim, M. R. Wulimal ewensacen [A dictionary of Korean etymology] (1999).
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Choi, C.-R. Ewensanchayk [A stroll into etymology] (Hanshin Publishing, 1992).
Choi, N.-H. Kotay kwukeuy coepep yenkwu [A study of Old Korean word formations]. Han-Geul 220, 109-152 (1993).
Choi, N.-H. Kotaykwuke hyengthaylon [Old Korean morphology] (Pagijong, 1996). 
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Gang, G. H. A study of Idu on Simyangjanggye MA thesis (Chonnam National University, 2001). 
Ha, Y. W. et al. (eds) Yeysphyenci nathmalsacen [A lexicon of old letters] (Dolbegae, 2013).
Hong, S. M. Kwuke ehwiuymiuy sacekpyenchen [Historical change of Korean word meanings] (Hankuk Publisher, 2003).
Hong, Y. P. in Kwukeuy sitaypyel pyenchen yenkwu 2: Kuntaykwuke [Studies of historical change of Korean by period 2: Early Modern Korean] (ed National Institute of the Korean Language) 191-234 (NIKL, 1997). 
Hong, Y. P. Salaissnun wulimaluy yeksa [A history of the living Korean] (Thayhaksa, 2009).
Hong, Y. P. Kwuke ehwisa yenkwu pangpep [Research methods on the history of Korean words]. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society of Kugyol, 9-36 (2014).
Hong, Y. P., Song, K.-J., Chung, K. & Song, C. E. (eds) 17-seyki kwukesacen [A dictionary of the 17th century Korean] (The Academy of Korean Studies, 1995).
Hongo, T. The honorific forms of the Idu in the Nongpojip. Journal of Kugyol Studies 7, 79-111 (2001).
Hongo, T. The honorific forms in Idu texts. Ph.D. dissertation (Korea University, 2002).
Hwang, K.-J. A study on the original phonetic value of coda 's' of the 15th century: Centering around the reading of eumjilda. Korean Language and Literature in International Context 32, 25-62 (2004). 
Hwang, M.-H. Cosen sitay enkankwa kwuke saynghwal [Enkan letters and the life of Korean in the Joseon Dynasty times]. Saykwukesaynghwal 12.2, 133-145 (2002).
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lexibank / robbeetstriangulation

Supplementary Information Sources #23