Add stm32f4xx i2c driver

[kammce]

• Add a few more common errors for i2c peripheral.
• Fix device id check in MPU6050.

Resolves #1002

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Merging #1453 (a29cdef) into master (db38d4b) will decrease coverage by 0.1%. The diff coverage is n/a.

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           master   #1453     +/-   ##
========================================
- Coverage    59.8%   59.8%   -0.0%     
========================================
  Files          94      94             
  Lines        4516    4516             
  Branches      970     970             
========================================
- Hits         2699    2698      -1     
- Misses       1588    1589      +1     
  Partials      229     229             

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
library/peripherals/i2c.hpp	54.9% <ø> (ø)
library/peripherals/lpc40xx/i2c.hpp	91.1% <ø> (ø)
library/peripherals/lpc17xx/system_controller.hpp	92.8% <0.0%> (-0.5%)	:arrow_down:

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