JS: Object 常用方法

[lihongjie0209]

Object.assign()

The Object.assign() method copies all enumerable own properties from one or more source objects to a target object. It returns the target object.

Properties in the target object are overwritten by properties in the sources if they have the same key. Later sources' properties overwrite earlier ones.

The Object.assign() method only copies enumerable and own properties from a source object to a target object. It uses [[Get]] on the source and [[Set]] on the target, so it will invoke getters and setters. Therefore it assigns properties, versus copying or defining new properties. This may make it unsuitable for merging new properties into a prototype if the merge sources contain getters.

For copying property definitions (including their enumerability) into prototypes, use Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() and Object.defineProperty() instead.

Both String and Symbol properties are copied.

In case of an error, for example if a property is non-writable, a TypeError is raised, and the target object is changed if any properties are added before the error is raised.

const target = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const source = { b: 4, c: 5 };

const returnedTarget = Object.assign(target, source);

console.log(target);
// expected output: Object { a: 1, b: 4, c: 5 }

console.log(returnedTarget);
// expected output: Object { a: 1, b: 4, c: 5 }

[lihongjie0209]

Object.create()

The Object.create() method creates a new object, using an existing object as the prototype of the newly created object.

const person = {
  isHuman: false,
  printIntroduction: function() {
    console.log(`My name is ${this.name}. Am I human? ${this.isHuman}`);
  }
};

const me = Object.create(person);

me.name = 'Matthew'; // "name" is a property set on "me", but not on "person"
me.isHuman = true; // inherited properties can be overwritten

me.printIntroduction();
// expected output: "My name is Matthew. Am I human? true"

[lihongjie0209]

Object.defineProperties() 动态添加属性

The Object.defineProperties() method defines new or modifies existing properties directly on an object, returning the object.

const object1 = {};

Object.defineProperties(object1, {
  property1: {
    value: 42,
    writable: true
  },
  property2: {}
});

console.log(object1.property1);
// expected output: 42

[lihongjie0209]

Object.entries() 把对象当作map来遍历

The Object.entries() method returns an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value] pairs, in the same order as that provided by a for...in loop. (The only important difference is that a for...in loop enumerates properties in the prototype chain as well).

The order of the array returned by Object.entries() does not depend on how an object is defined. If there is a need for certain ordering, then the array should be sorted first, like Object.entries(obj).sort((a, b) => b[0].localeCompare(a[0]));.

const object1 = {
  a: 'somestring',
  b: 42
};

for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(object1)) {
  console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
}

// expected output:
// "a: somestring"
// "b: 42"
// order is not guaranteed