fix: add explicit overflow checks to math library and tests

[GalloDaSballo]

• [x] Updates the Math library to have explicit overflow checks
• [x] Tests the overflow checks
• [ ] Would benefit by another pair of eyes
• [ ] TODO: Prove we can never get a call to abs with the type(int96).min

[jltqy]

We can lower the size of int96 to int88 here

[GalloDaSballo]

Please proceed with the change @jltqy