jiushijiushi
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4 years ago Chapter 3 50%单词
celestial /səˈlestʃl/ adj. 天上的，天空的 n. 神仙，天堂里的居民 That is, it was not a celestial ledger or file drawer——yet it was beyond time and space
glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ n. 一瞥，一看 vt. 瞥见 Still others said that the wisest and best of humans could catch glimpses of truth and that the rest of humanity could learn about it through these special ones.
seldom /ˈseldəm/ adv. 很少，不常 The focus has changed, It seldom concerns Truth anymore.
murkiness /'mɝkɪnɪs/ n. 阴沉；黑暗 Unfortunately, there is a good deal of murkiness and confusion about the concept.
implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响 The implications of this notion are quite staggering, yet for some reason few people acknowledge them, and fewe still are interested in testing their reasonableness.、
flawlessly /ˈflɔːləsli/ adv. 完美无瑕地 gaffe /ɡæf/ n. 失态；过失 Another is that everyone's perception and memory work flawlessly, with never a blunder, glitch, and gaffe.
intellectually /ˌɪntlˈɛktʃʊəli/ adv. 智力上；理智地；知性上 The moment we consider our childhood, however, the idea becomes suspect, we were all dependent in every sense: physically, emotionally, and intellectually.
somewhat adv. 有点，稍微 They mark out certain objects as familiar or strange, emphasizing the difference, so that the slightly familiar is seen as very familiar, and the somewhat strange as sharply alien.
analogy /əˈnælədʒi/ n. 类比；类推；类似 They aroused by small signs, which may vary from true index to a vague analogy.
resurrect /ˌrezəˈrekt/ vt. 使复活；复兴；挖出 Aroused, they flood fresh vision with older image, and project into the world what has been resurrected in memory.
extent /ɪkˈstent/ n. 程度；范围；长度 To a greater or less extent, what we regard as our unique perspective bears the imprint of other people's ideas and beliefs.
outset n. 开始；开端 From the outset perception is selective and tends to simplify the world around us.
flip vt. 掷；轻击 vi. 用指轻弹；蹦跳 flip open the book 翻开书 Yet when students gets the corrected test back and finds the question marked wrong, then hurriedly filps open the book and examines the passage again, he or she may find it says something else entirely.
villain /ˈvɪlən/ . 坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反派角色；顽童；罪犯 Moviegoers in the 1930s and 1940s were thrilled as Tarzan uttered his famous yell and swung through the treetops to catch the villain.
blend /blend/ n. 混合；掺合物 vt. 混合 hog caller 扬声器 it was a bland of three voices—— a soprano's, a baritone's, and a hog caller's
instant /ˈɪnstənt/ adj. 立即的；紧急的；紧迫的 n. 瞬间；立即；片刻 instant replay 即时回放 At least a dozen times every weekend from September to January, the imperfection of human observation is underlined by that marvel of technology, the instant replay.
testimony /ˈtestɪmoʊni/ n. [法] 证词，证言；证据 The vagaries of perception have long been noted by those who deal with human testimony——notably, trial lawyers, police officers, and psychologists.
crucial /'kruʃəl/ adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的 We may be distracted at a crucial moment.
diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ vt. 使减少；使变小 If we are tired or in the grip of emotions such as fear or anger, our nomal perceptiveness may be significantly diminished.
interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːrprəˈteɪʃn/ n. 解释；翻译；演出 Also, perception may be intermingled with interpretation——the expectation that an event will unfold in a certain way may color our perception of the way the event actually unfolds.
distort /dɪˈstɔːrt/ vt. 扭曲；使失真；曲解 Loyalty and affection toward the people or things involved may distort our vision as well.
vivacious /vɪˈveɪʃəs,vaɪˈveɪʃəs/ adj. 活泼的；快活的；有生气的 If someone we dislike speaks in a loud voice and is animated, we may regard that person as showing off to get attention. But if a friend behaves in the same way, we may regard him or her as vivacious and extroverted.
resort /rɪˈzɔːrt/ vi. 求助，诉诸；常去；采取某手段或方法 We forget details, and when later attempting to recall what happened we resort to imagination to fill in the blanks.
expel /ɪkˈspel/ vt. 驱逐；开除 and in the first we may be fully aware of the distinction, but before long the fiction expel the reality from memory and replace it.
coaxing /ˈkoʊksɪŋ/ n. 试图劝诱；耐心地发动（机器） adj. 劝诱的 With a little coaxing, the students "remember" the fake events.
deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的 deficient information
renewal /rɪˈnuːəl/ n. 更新，恢复；复兴；补充；革新；续借；重申 Half of Main Street sacrified to urban renewal.
imprison vt. 监禁；关押；使…下狱 Galileo suggested that the sun is the center of our solar system, he was charged with heresy, imprisoned, and pressured to renounce his error.
starch /stɑːrtʃ/ n. 淀粉 For a long time surgeons used talc on the rubber gloves they wore while performing surgery. Then they discoverd it could be poisonous. So they switched to starch, only to find that（却发现） it, too, could have a toxic effect on surgical patients
vault /vɔːlt/ n. 拱顶；撑竿跳；地下室 archive vault 档案室 Then, in 1982, a previously unknown film was discovered in a British screen archive vault.
assertion /əˈsɜːrʃn/ n. 断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定 Our beliefs and assertions are true when they correspond to that reality and false when they do not.
diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的 Truth is apprehended by discovery, a process that favors the curious and the diligent.
forgery /ˈfɔːrdʒəri/ n. 伪造；伪造罪；伪造物 Art forgries are not genuine when people are fooled and then fake when the deception is revealed
affirm /əˈfɜːrm/ vt. 肯定；断言 However, that doesn't mean there is no truth about them or that people who affirm their existence and people who deny it are equally correct.
criminality /ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti/ n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为 Is the cause of criminality genetic or environmental or a combination of the two ?
conspiracy /kənˈspɪrəsi/ n. 阴谋；共谋；阴谋集团 This conspiracy gained a number of well-known supporters, including movie and television stars and at least one member of Congress, and was disseminated around the world.
in some quarters 在某些领域 In some quarters, people still divided in their views.
burdensome /ˈbɜːrdnsəm/ adj. 繁重的；累赘的；恼人的 Having the right frame of mind can make your pursuit of the truth less burdensome and give it the sense of adventure that the great thinkers in history experienced.
thoroughly /ˈθʌrəʊli; θʌroli/ adv. 彻底地，完全地 But I can observe a little more accureately, weigh things a little more thoroughly, and make up my mind a little more carefully.
subtle /ˈsʌtl/ adj. 微妙的；精细的；敏感的；狡猾的；稀薄的 Another is to see only the simple and obvious cause-and-effect relationships and miss the complex or subtle ones.
supertitious /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃəs/ adj. 迷信的；由迷信引起的 For example , breaking a mirror ，crossing paths with a black cat, or walking under a ladder is belived to cause misfortune. You don't have to be superstitious to make the mistakes.
negotiate /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/ vt. 谈判，商议；转让；越过 negotiate a curve 转弯 careen /kəˈriːn/ vi. 倾侧，倾斜 A car speeding, failing to negotiate a curve, careening off the highway, and crashing into a tree.
proximate /ˈprɑːksɪmət/ adj. 近似的；最近的 The influence may be major or minor, direct or indirect, proximate or remote in time or space.
gravity /ˈɡrævətɪ/ n. 重力，地心引力；严重性；庄严 It may also be irresistible, as in the examples of combustion, gravity, and inertia mentioned previously.
peer /pɪr/ n. 同等地位的人，同龄人；贵族 Or resistible, as in following parental teaching or the example of one's peers.
rote /roʊt/ n. 死记硬背；生搬硬套 The idea that intelligence is genetically determinded led early twentieth-century educators to conclude that thinking cannot be taught, and thus to emphasize rote learning and expand vocational curriculums.
discriminatory /dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːri/ adj. 区别对待的 The idea that one race or ethnic group is superior to another has led to military campaigns against neighboring countries, discriminatory laws, slavery, and genocide.
prerequisite /ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt/ n. 先决条件 adj. 首要必备的 The idea that self-esteem is prerequisite to success changed the traditional idea of self-improvement, inspired hundreds of book focused on self-accptance, and led educators to more indulgent views of homework, grading, and discipline.
extent /ɪkˈstent/ n. 程度；范围；长度 to some extent 在某种程度上 In human affairs, effects are to some extent predicatable
guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品 be no gurrantee that 不保证 free will 自由意志 However, possessing free will is no guarantee that we will apply it.
hemline /ˈhemlaɪn/ n. 底边，底缘 comply vi. 遵守；顺从，遵从；答应 When leading designers say "hemline should be raised," hordes of women comply.
accrue /əˈkruː/ vi. 产生；自然增长或利益增加 vt. 获得；积累 incrementally /ˌɪŋkrəˈmentəli/ adv. 递增地；增值地 The most difficult habits to break are those that accrue incrementally over time.
linger /ˈlɪŋɡər/ vi. 徘徊；苟延残喘；磨蹭 vt. 消磨；缓慢度过 draw vi. 拉；拖 draw a little closer 靠近一点点 Year by year, the number of such scenes increased and the camera drew a little closer and lingered a little longer over them.
depict 美 /dɪˈpɪkt/ vt. 描述；描画 craft vt. 精巧地制作 n. 工艺；手艺；太空船 vehicle /ˈviəkl/ n. [车辆] 车辆；工具；交通工具；运载工具；传播媒介；媒介物 forensics /fəˈrenzɪk,fəˈrensɪk/ n. 辩论术；法医学 forensics program 取证程序 gory /ˈɡɔːri/ adj. 血淋淋的；残酷的 autopsy /ˈɔːtɑːpsi/ n. 验尸 accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ vt. 陪伴，伴随；伴奏 graphic /ˈɡræfɪk/ adj. 形象的；图表的；绘画似的 More recently, the industry crafted a new vehicle for assaulting the sences—— the forensics program, whiceh depicts rape-murders as they happen, then presents every gory detail of the autopsies in extreme close-up, accompanied by frequent, graphic flashbacks to refresh in viewer's minds the shocking details of the crimes.
provoke /prəˈvoʊk/ vt. 驱使；激怒；煽动；惹起 At first the violent and sexual content provoked protests.
inclination /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 倾向，爱好；斜坡 What happened in this case was not that people lost their freedom or ability to protest, but instead that habit took away their inclination to protest.
ripple /ˈrɪpl/ n. 波纹；涟漪； pabble/ˈpebl/ n. 卵石；水晶透镜 vt. 用卵石铺 serene adj. 平静的；安详的；清澈的；晴朗的 Causation is often complex. When a small pebble is dropped into a serene pool of water, it causes ripples in every direction, and those ripples can affect even distant waters.
herbert19790
说明： 学这本书，我先读一遍。遇到生词先不查，也不做标记，而是把第二个遇到的生词标记下来。所以是50%的生词。举例说明，我遇到100个生词，那么我最终做的标记只有50个。现在第一遍读完，正在抄写每一章标记的生词。这个帖子将持续更新我抄写的生词，包括词语、音标、中文意思和书本中的例句。大家可以在读每一章节的时候先背背这里的单词，降低难度。 （PS：因为是手打，难免有错漏，大家谅解谅解哈~） （PPS：第一章我抄到笔记本上，懒得电脑再打一遍，所以从第二章开始更新哈~等我全部更完后补上~）
【Chapter 2 What Is Critical Thinking？】 resourceful /rɪˈsɔːrsfl/ adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的 Maybe he lacked the brain power. But he was resourceful enough.
furrow /ˈfɜːroʊ/ vt. 犁；耕；弄绉 furrow brow 皱眉
stroke his chin 抚摸下巴 He stroked his chin，furrowed his brow，and said：“I have to think about that”
extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 Extensive, effective traing in thinking is the exception rather than the rule.
astounding /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/ adj. 令人震惊的；令人惊骇的 contradiction /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃn/ n. 矛盾；否认；反驳 The most interesting and astounding contradiction in life is to me the constant insistence by neatly all people upon “logic，”“logical reasoning，”“sound reasoning，”on the one hand，and on the other their inability to displayed it，and their unwillingness to accept it when displayed by others.
plain thinking 朴素的思考 Clear thinking is a very rare thing， but even just plain thinking is almost as rare.
indolence /ˈɪndələns/ n. 懒散，懒惰. mental indolence 思想上的怠惰 trait /tret/ n. 特性，特点；品质 human traits 人性 Mental indolence is one of the commonest of human traits.
deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的 ruminate /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ vt. 反刍；沉思；反复思考 speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/ vi. 推测；投机；思索 digest 融汇贯通 Here are just some of the synonyms listed in Roget’s Thesaurus for think：deliberate，ruminate， speculate， digest
synonymous /sɪˈnɑːnɪməs/ adj. 同义的；同义词的；同义突变的 solely /ˈsoʊlli/ adv. 单独地；仅仅 reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ vi. 住，居住；属于 Most modern researchers use the word "mind" synonymouly with "brain," as if the physical organ resides in the human skull were solely responsible for thinking.
practice n. 实践；练习；惯例 presuppose /ˌpriːsəˈpoʊz/ vt. 假定；预料；以…为先决条件 millennia /mɪˈlɛnɪə/ n. 千年期；千周年纪念日（millennium 的复数） This practice conveniently presupposes that a problem that has challenged the greatest thinkers for millennia——the relationship between mind and physical matter——was somehow solved when no one was looking.
wrestle /ˈresl/ v. 摔跤；使劲搬动；斗争；奋力对付 The problem itself and the individuals who spent their lives wrestling with it deseve better.
neuroscience /ˈnʊroʊsaɪəns/ n. 神经系统科学（指神经病学、 神经化学等） cognitive /ˈkɑːɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的，认识的 Neuroscience has provided a number of valuable insights into the cognitive or thinking activeties of the brain.
hemisphere/ˈhemɪsfɪr/ n. 半球 bundle /ˈbʌndl/ n. 束；捆 corppus callosum 英 /kə'ləusəm/ [解剖] 胼胝体，脑胼胝体 intergrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ vt. 使…完整；使…成整体；求…的积分；表示…的总和 It has documented that the left hemisphere of the brain deals mainly with detaild language processing and is associated with analysisi and logical thinking , that the righ hemisphere deals mainly with sensory images and is associated with intuition and creative thinking, and that the small bundle of nevers that lies between the hemispheres——the corpus callosum——integrates the various funtctions.
sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/ adj. 足够的；充分的 The research that produced these insights showed that the brain is necessary for thought, but it has not shown that the brain is sufficient.
demonstrably /dɪˈmɑːnstrəbli/ adv. 明确地，无可否认地 They argue that the mind and the brain are demonstrably different.
entity /ˈentəti/ n. 实体；存在；本质 decay /dɪˈkeɪ/ v. n.衰退，衰减；衰败；腐烂，腐朽 subject to decay 容易腐朽 metaphysical /ˌmetəˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 形而上学的；超自然的；玄学派诗歌的 Whereas the brain is physical entity composed of matter and therefore subject to decay, the mind is a metaphysical
consciousness /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/ n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉 History is, fundamentally, the adventure of human consciousness.
irony /ˈaɪrəni/ n. 讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事 audacity /ɔːˈdæsəti/ n. 大胆；厚颜无耻 offspring /ˈɔːfsprɪŋ/ n. 后代，子孙；产物 owe something to sth 把……归功于sth In his view, "one of the superme ironies of modern history" is the fact that science, which owe its very existence to the human mind, has had audacity to deny the reality of the mind. As he put it, "the offspring denies the parent."
a blank slate 一张白纸 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 主动权； One especially important writes, as John Locke held, or active, a vehicle by which we take the initiative and exercise our free will, as G.W Leibnitz argued.
interchangeably /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbli/ adv. [数] 可交换地 I feel and I think are sometimes used interchangeably, but that practice cause confusion.
sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/ n. 感情，情绪；情操；观点；多愁善感 spontaneously /spɑːnˈteɪniəsli/ adv. 自发地；自然地；不由自主地 Feeling is a subjective response that reflects emotion, sentiment, or desire；it generally occurs spontaneously.