fix: parse url-encoded square brackets

[techouse]

I noticed that url-encoded square brackets, i.e. %5B and %5D, do not get correctly parsed in this case

t.test(
    'parses encoded brackets holds array of arrays when having two parts of strings with comma as array divider',
    function (st) {
        st.deepEqual(
            // foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=4,5,6
            qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=4,5,6', { comma: true }), 
            { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']] }
        );
        st.deepEqual(
            // foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=
            qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=', { comma: true }), 
            { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ''] }
        );
        st.deepEqual(
            // foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=
            qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=,', { comma: true }), 
            { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['', '']] }
        );
        st.deepEqual(
            // foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=a
            qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=a', { comma: true }),
            { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], 'a'] }
        );
        st.end();
    }
);

This PR fixes this by replacing %5B or %5b with [ and %5D or %5d with ] before splitting the string into delimited parts inside parseQueryStringValues.

I've added the test mentioned above into into the parse test suite.

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Walkthrough

The changes enhance the parseValues function by adding logic to decode URL-encoded square brackets, improving the handling of arrays within query parameters. Corresponding test cases were added to ensure the correct parsing of these structures, including various combinations of strings and empty values in nested arrays.

Changes

Files	Change Summary
lib/parse.js	Added code to replace %5B with [ and %5D with ] in cleanStr for better handling of URL-encoded arrays.
test/parse.js	Introduced new test cases for parsing URL-encoded brackets with arrays of arrays, covering different string and empty value combinations.

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[techouse]

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[ljharb]

Can you elaborate a bit? Which test case in your OP is incorrect on the default branch?

[techouse]

Which test case in your OP is incorrect on the default branch?

So the test that exists and passes in v6.12.1 branch is this https://github.com/ljharb/qs/blob/29dda211e8b02654f60975bdb703bcc73a8ee409/test/parse.js#L565

However, there is no test for an encoded query, i.e. something like the test I've added

t.test('parses url-encoded brackets holds array of arrays when having two parts of strings with comma as array divider', function (st) {
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=4,5,6', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ''] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=,', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['', '']] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=a', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], 'a'] });

    st.end();
});

This means that something like https://test.local/example?foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=4,5,6 would parse OK, however, https://test.local/example?foo%5B%5D=1,2,3&foo%5B%5D=4,5,6 would fail. To make it work with v6.12.1 one would have to run the query through decodeURIComponent first before feeding it to qs.decode.

[ljharb]

Why would you be using square brackets in keys while also using commas? Brackets and commas are mutually exclusive for array encoding.

[techouse]

Why would you be using square brackets in keys while also using commas?

The aforementioned test https://github.com/ljharb/qs/blob/29dda211e8b02654f60975bdb703bcc73a8ee409/test/parse.js#L565

t.test('parses brackets holds array of arrays when having two parts of strings with comma as array divider', function (st) {
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=4,5,6', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ''] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=,', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], ['', '']] });
    st.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[]=1,2,3&foo[]=a', { comma: true }), { foo: [['1', '2', '3'], 'a'] });

    st.end();
});

predates this PR by 5 years and was added in https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/f884e2d6274c51ad8455e1339a0ad9b12bd63e06 to fix https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/327. This PR just fixes it for URL-encoded query strings.

Brackets and commas are mutually exclusive for array encoding.

Sure, but this deals with decoding them, and since there's been a test for it for 5+ years, I assume it's used somewhere. 🤷

[ljharb]

Welp, fair enough. Thanks, I’ll give this a thorough review in the next day or three.

[harjotgill]

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[techouse]

Welp, fair enough. Thanks, I’ll give this a thorough review in the next day or three.

@ljharb ping 🤓