fix: Apply Nomos library code review recommendations

[romanzac]

1. What does this PR implement?

This PR proposes implementation changes for KZG-related functionality based on a code review of the Nomos library.

• Check for division by zero polynomial
• Check for minimal domain size of 64
• Check for hiding bound of 128 versus length of powers_of_gamma_g
• Randomness added to: commit_polynomial, generate_element_proof, verify_element_proof

2. Does the code have enough context to be clearly understood?

Code review document

3. Who are the specification authors and who is accountable for this PR?

Specification author: @ramsesfv PR accountable: @romanzac

4. Is the specification accurate and complete?

Code review itself provides basis for changes in the codebase. Final changes to be made depend on review from project developers.

5. Does the implementation introduce changes in the specification?

Specification - code review is a static document. Unless another round of code review is requested, no changes to the spec are expected.

Checklist

• [ ] 1. Description added.
• [ ] 2. Context and links to Specification document(s) added.
• [ ] 3. Main contact(s) (developers and specification authors) added
• [ ] 4. Implementation and Specification are 100% in sync including changes. This is critical.
• [ ] 5. Link PR to a specific milestone.