Open luisedware opened 7 years ago
Apache Bench 是 Apache 自带的一个命令式程序。它可以创建并发访问线程，同时模拟多个并发请求对某一个 URL 地址进行访问。它的测试目标是基于 URL 的。因此，Apache Bench 即可测试 Apache 的负载压力，也能测试 Nginx、LigntHttp、Tomcat、IIS 等其他 Web Server 的压力。
Apache Bench 命令对发出负载的计算机要求很低，既不会占用很高 CPU，也不会占用很多内存，但却会给目标服务器造成巨大的负载，其原理类似 CC 攻击。在测试使用也须注意，否则一次上太多的负载，可能造成目标服务器因资源耗完，严重时甚至导致死机。
参数说明：
-n requests [Number of requests to perform]
执行请求的数量
-c concurrency [Number of multiple requests to make at a time]
一次并发请求的数量
-t timelimit [Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking]
测试进行的最大秒数
-s timeout [Seconds to max. wait for each response,Default is 30 seconds]
响应等待的最大秒数
-b windowsize [Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes]
TCP 发送/接受缓冲区的大小，以字节为单位
-p postfile [File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T]
包含了需要 POST 的数据的文件，需要设置 -T 参数
-u putfile [File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T]
包含了需要 PUT 的数据的问题，需要设置 -T 参数
-T content-type [Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'，Default is 'text/plain']
POST/PUT 数据时需要使用的 Content-type 请求头部
-v verbosity [How much troubleshooting info to print]
打印什么级别的故障排除信息
-w [Print out results in HTML tables]
以 HTML 表格的格式打印出执行结果
-i [Use HEAD instead of GET]
使用 HEAD 请求方法代替 GET 请求方法
-x attributes [String to insert as table attributes]
字符串作为 table 元素的属性插入
-y attributes [String to insert as tr attributes]
字符串作为 tr 元素的属性插入
-z attributes [String to insert as td or th attributes]
字符串作为 td 元素的属性插入
-C attribute [Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)]
添加一个 Cookie
-H attribute [Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip',Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)]
添加任意的 HTTP 头部属性
-A attribute [Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes,are a colon separated username and password.]
添加基础的 HTTP WWW 认证
-P attribute [Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes,are a colon separated username and password.]
添加基础代理身份验证
-X proxy:port [Proxyserver and port number to use]
代理服务器的端口号
-V [Print version number and exit]
打印 ApacheBench 的版本号并退出 ApacheBench
-k [Use HTTP KeepAlive feature]
使用 HTTP KeepAlive 长连接
-d [Do not show percentiles served table.]
不要显示服务表的百分比
-S [Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.]
不要显示信息评估和警告
-q [Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests]
当超过 150 个请求时，不显示进度
-l [Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)]
接受可变文档长度（用于动态页面）
-g filename [Output collected data to gnuplot format file.]
将收集到的数据输出到格式为 gnuplot 的文件
-e filename [Output CSV file with percentages served]
将执行过程百分比的数据输出到格式为 csv 的文件
-r [Don't exit on socket receive errors.]
当接收到套接字错误时不要退出执行
-m method [Method name]
执行请求时所使用的 HTTP 请求方法
-h [Display usage information (this message)]
显示 ApacheBench 使用参数信息
-I [Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension]
禁用 TLS 服务器名称指示扩展名
-Z ciphersuite [Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)]
指定 SSL/TLS 密码套件
-f protocol [Specify SSL/TLS protocol(SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)]
指定 SSL/TLS 协议
Server Software
服务器软件与版本
Server Hostname
服务器域名或地址
Server Port
服务器端口号
Document Path
请求文件的路径
Document Length
请求文件的大小
Concurrency Level
每次并发数
Time taken for tests
测试总时间
Complete requests
处理请求成功的次数
Failed requests
处理请求失败的次数
Total transferred
测试过程传输字节数
HTML transferred
HTML 内容传输字节数
Requests per second
每秒处理的请求数 - 吞吐率 - 平均返回数据时间，相当于 Complete requests / Time taken for tests
Time per request
用户等待响应的平均时间，相当于 Time taken for tests /（Complete requests / Concurrency Level）
Time per request (mean, across all concurrent requests)
服务器处理并发请求的平均时间，相当于 Time taken for tests / Complete requests
Transfer rate
请求在单位时间内从服务器获取的数据长度，相当于 Total transferred / Time taken for tests
Connection Times (ms)
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
所有请求的平均速度，如在测试过程中进度到50%时平均响应时间为10148ms，到66%时 平均响应时间为11054ms。
目录
认识 Apache Bench
Apache Bench 是 Apache 自带的一个命令式程序。它可以创建并发访问线程，同时模拟多个并发请求对某一个 URL 地址进行访问。它的测试目标是基于 URL 的。因此，Apache Bench 即可测试 Apache 的负载压力，也能测试 Nginx、LigntHttp、Tomcat、IIS 等其他 Web Server 的压力。
Apache Bench 命令对发出负载的计算机要求很低，既不会占用很高 CPU，也不会占用很多内存，但却会给目标服务器造成巨大的负载，其原理类似 CC 攻击。在测试使用也须注意，否则一次上太多的负载，可能造成目标服务器因资源耗完，严重时甚至导致死机。
Apache Bench 的命令参数
参数说明：
-n requests [Number of requests to perform]
-c concurrency [Number of multiple requests to make at a time]
-t timelimit [Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking]
-s timeout [Seconds to max. wait for each response,Default is 30 seconds]
-b windowsize [Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes]
-p postfile [File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T]
-u putfile [File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T]
-T content-type [Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'，Default is 'text/plain']
-v verbosity [How much troubleshooting info to print]
-w [Print out results in HTML tables]
-i [Use HEAD instead of GET]
-x attributes [String to insert as table attributes]
-y attributes [String to insert as tr attributes]
-z attributes [String to insert as td or th attributes]
-C attribute [Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)]
-H attribute [Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip',Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)]
-A attribute [Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes,are a colon separated username and password.]
-P attribute [Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes,are a colon separated username and password.]
-X proxy:port [Proxyserver and port number to use]
-V [Print version number and exit]
-k [Use HTTP KeepAlive feature]
-d [Do not show percentiles served table.]
-S [Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.]
-q [Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests]
-l [Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)]
-g filename [Output collected data to gnuplot format file.]
-e filename [Output CSV file with percentages served]
-r [Don't exit on socket receive errors.]
-m method [Method name]
-h [Display usage information (this message)]
-I [Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension]
-Z ciphersuite [Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)]
-f protocol [Specify SSL/TLS protocol(SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)]
Apache Bench 的结果参数
Server Software
Server Hostname
Server Port
Document Path
Document Length
Concurrency Level
Time taken for tests
Complete requests
Failed requests
Total transferred
HTML transferred
Requests per second
Time per request
Time per request (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate
Connection Times (ms)
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)