2070. Most Beautiful Item for Each Query

Discussed in https://github.com/mah-shamim/leet-code-in-php/discussions/822

^{Originally posted by **mah-shamim** November 12, 2024} **Topics:** `Array`, `Binary Search`, `Sorting` You are given a 2D integer array `items` where items[i] = [price_i, beauty_i] denotes the **price** and **beauty** of an item respectively. You are also given a **0-indexed** integer array `queries`. For each `queries[j]`, you want to determine the **maximum beauty** of an item whose **price** is **less than or equal** to `queries[j]`. If no such item exists, then the answer to this query is `0`. Return _an array `answer` of the same length as `queries` where `answer[j]` is the answer to the jth query_. **Example 1:** - **Input:** items = [[1,2],[3,2],[2,4],[5,6],[3,5]], queries = [1,2,3,4,5,6] - **Output:** [2,4,5,5,6,6] - **Explanation:** - For queries[0]=1, [1,2] is the only item which has price <= 1. Hence, the answer for this query is 2. - For queries[1]=2, the items which can be considered are [1,2] and [2,4]. - The maximum beauty among them is 4. - For queries[2]=3 and queries[3]=4, the items which can be considered are [1,2], [3,2], [2,4], and [3,5]. - The maximum beauty among them is 5. - For queries[4]=5 and queries[5]=6, all items can be considered. - Hence, the answer for them is the maximum beauty of all items, i.e., 6. **Example 2:** - **Input:** items = [[1,2],[1,2],[1,3],[1,4]], queries = [1] - **Output:** [4] - **Explanation:** The price of every item is equal to 1, so we choose the item with the maximum beauty 4. - Note that multiple items can have the same price and/or beauty. **Example 3:** - **Input:** items = [[10,1000]], queries = [5] - **Output:** [0] - **Explanation:** No item has a price less than or equal to 5, so no item can be chosen. - Hence, the answer to the query is 0. **Constraints:** - 1 <= items.length, queries.length <= 10⁵ - `items[i].length == 2` - 1 <= price_i, beauty_i, queries[j] <= 10⁹ **Hint:** 1. Can we process the queries in a smart order to avoid repeatedly checking the same items? 2. How can we use the answer to a query for other queries?

We can use sorting and binary search techniques. Here’s the plan:

Approach

Sort the Items by Price:
- First, sort items by their price. This way, as we iterate through the items, we can keep track of the maximum beauty seen so far for items up to any given price.
Sort the Queries with their Original Indices:
- Create an array of queries paired with their original indices, then sort this array by the query values.
- Sorting helps because we can process queries in increasing order of price and avoid recalculating beauty values for lower prices repeatedly.
Iterate through Items and Queries Simultaneously:
- Using two pointers, process each query:
  - For each query, move the pointer through items with a price less than or equal to the query’s price.
  - Track the maximum beauty as you go through these items, and use this value to answer the current query.
  - This avoids repeatedly checking items for multiple queries.
Store and Return Results:
- Once processed, store the maximum beauty result for each query based on the original index to maintain the order.
- Return the answer array.

Let's implement this solution in PHP: 2070. Most Beautiful Item for Each Query

<?php
/**
 * @param Integer[][] $items
 * @param Integer[] $queries
 * @return Integer[]
 */
function maximumBeauty($items, $queries) {
    // Sort items by price first, and if price is the same, by beauty descending
    usort($items, function($a, $b) {
        return $a[0] == $b[0] ? $b[1] - $a[1] : $a[0] - $b[0];
    });

    // Pair queries with their original indices
    $indexedQueries = [];
    foreach ($queries as $index => $query) {
        $indexedQueries[] = [$query, $index];
    }
    // Sort queries by price
    usort($indexedQueries, function($a, $b) {
        return $a[0] - $b[0];
    });

    $maxBeauty = 0;
    $itemIndex = 0;
    $answer = array_fill(0, count($queries), 0);

    // Process each query
    foreach ($indexedQueries as $query) {
        list($queryPrice, $queryIndex) = $query;

        // Move the item pointer to include all items with price <= queryPrice
        while ($itemIndex < count($items) && $items[$itemIndex][0] <= $queryPrice) {
            $maxBeauty = max($maxBeauty, $items[$itemIndex][1]);
            $itemIndex++;
        }

        // Set the result for this query's original index
        $answer[$queryIndex] = $maxBeauty;
    }

    return $answer;
}

// Example usage
$items = [[1,2],[3,2],[2,4],[5,6],[3,5]];
$queries = [1,2,3,4,5,6];
print_r(maximumBeauty($items, $queries));
// Output: [2,4,5,5,6,6]
?>

Explanation:

Sorting items and queries: This allows efficient processing without redundant calculations.
Two-pointer technique: Moving through items only once for each query avoids excessive computations.
Track maxBeauty: We update maxBeauty progressively, allowing each query to access the highest beauty seen so far.

Complexity

Time Complexity: O(n log n + m log m) for sorting items and queries, and O(n + m) for processing, where n is the length of items and m is the length of queries.
Space Complexity: O(m) for storing the results.

This solution is efficient and meets the constraints of the problem.

mah-shamim / leet-code-in-php