Support polygon geometry type in `distance` expression

[zmiao]

This pr will add support for Polygon geometry type evaluation in distance expression.

render tests: https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-js/pull/9602

Launch Checklist

• [x] briefly describe the changes in this PR
• [ ] include before/after visuals or gifs if this PR includes visual changes
• [x] write tests for all new functionality
• [ ] document any changes to public APIs
• [ ] tagged @mapbox/maps-android @mapbox/maps-ios @mapbox/core-sdk if this PR adds or updates a public API
• [ ] tagged @mapbox/gl-js if this PR includes shader changes or needs a js port
• [x] apply needs changelog label if a changelog is needed (remove label when added)