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English Dictionaries Project (AOO+Mozilla+others)
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Missing Words #69

Closed Tex2002ans closed 8 months ago

Tex2002ans commented 8 months ago

Here's the latest batch of missing words.

For rare words with very few hits, I also included:

Words

Cominform Cominformist Cominformists

Rousseauistic

assumpsit

breathwork

commonwealthman commonwealthmen

compend

complexus

micromobility

panidiomorphic

parasocial

rotely

stockgrower stockgrowers

stockrider stockriders

stockriding

switcheroo switcheroos

takedown

vitaceous

vitagraph

vitascope vitascopic

vitexin

viticetum

vitiliginous

vitrite

vocabularian

vocabulist

vocabulation

vocalion

voetganger voetgangers

vogesite

voiture voitures

voiturette voiturettes

voiturier voituriers

voiturin

volador voladors

voladora voladoras

volante

volatic

Definitions of Rarer Words

All from the Century Dictionary:

Volume 2 (1904):

complexus1 n.

pl. complexus.

[< L. complexus, conplexus, n., a surrounding, embracing, connection in discourse: see complex, n.]

A compound; a complex.

The mind is displayed, even in its highest faculties, as a complexus of insoluble antipathies.

Sir W. Hamilton.

complexus2, n.

[NL., prop. pp. (sc. musculus, muscle) of complecti, surround: see complex, a.]

In anat., a broad muscle lying along the back part of the neck, connecting the occiput and the lower cervical and upper dorsal vertebræ, and serving to straighten, incline, and turn the head. Also complicalis.

Volume 7 (1904):

stock-riding n.

In Australia, the occupation of a stock-rider; the work of a cow-boy; riding herd.

Like other Australian aborigines, the Kŭrnai have a natural aptitude for stock-riding. I have also known among them good shearers and reapers. Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 260, note.

Volume 12 (1910):

vitagraph, n.

A trade-name for a moving-picture machine or kinetoscope.

Optical Jour., Dec., 1903, p. 801.

vitexin, n.

[Vitex (see def.) + -in^2.]

A canary-yellow, pulverulent coloring matter, C15H14O7 or C17H16O8, contained, in the form of a glucoside, in puriri, the wood of Vitex liltoralis, from New Zealand.

vitrite, n.

A variety of hard glass or other substance used for electric insulation.

vitiliginous, n.

Pertaining to, affected with, or characteristic of, vitiligo.

vocabularian, n.

One who is master of a large or unusual vocabulary. [Rare.]

vocabulation, n.

Selection of a vocabulary; choice of words or phrases. [Rare.]

vocalion, n.

A form of reed-organ gradually perfected from experiments begun in England about 1870.

Its tones are produced from large free reeds so connected with special resonance-cavities and supplied with wind under heavy pressure that their quality is strikingly full and mellow, and also capable of considerable variation of timbre.

Vocalions are often made with three manuals and pedals, and with many stops, so as to fulfil something of the function of a pipe organ.

voetganger, n.

[D., ‘foot-goer.’]

A name given by the Boerg in South Africa to S.— 90

vogesite, n.

In petrog., a dark-colored porphyry, with panidiomorphic granular texture, composed chiefly of orthoclase, with some lime-soda feldspar, and prismatic crystals of hornblende and diopside. Rosenbusch, 1887.

voiture, n.

Voiture légère [F. 'light carriage']

a motor-car designed to carry four or five persons and made lighter in weight and shorter in length than the ordinary touring-car: usually also of less motor capacity than the heavier cars, to reduce cost both of manufacture and of operation.

voiturette, n.

A name given in France to a light motor-car, usually for two persons, or for two more in an extra or folding seat. The voiturette is lighter, shorter, and less highly powered, and therefore cheaper than the larger cars.

voiturier, n.

One who drives a voiture or carriage.

voiturin, n.

One who keeps a voiture for hire or drives one.

volador, n.

A flying-fish, Exocœtus californicus, found on the coast of California.

voladora, n.

In mining, one of the stones which are attached to the cross-arms of the arrastre, and are dragged round upon its floor, for the purpose of finely pulverizing the ore. See arrastre.

voladora, n.

  1. A muller.

Phillips and Bauerman, Elements of Metallurgy, p. 740.

volante, a.

[It., <L. volans, flying. See volant.]

In music, in a light, rapid manner.

volatic, a.

[L. volaticus, <volare, fly. See volant.]

Of short duration: transitory.

marcoagpinto commented 8 months ago

Heya,

Is this it?:

88757) Cominform + Cominform's + Cominformist + Cominformists + Cominformist's
88758) Rousseauistic
88759) assumpsit + assumpsits + assumpsit's
88760) breathwork + breathwork's (Noun: uncountable)
88761) commonwealthman + commonwealthman's
88762) commonwealthmen + commonwealthmen's
88763) compend + compends + compend's
88764) complexus + complexuses + complexus's
88765) micromobility + micromobility's (Noun: uncountable)
88766) panidiomorphic
88767) parasocial + parasocially
88768) rotely
88769) stockgrower + stockgrowers + stockgrower's
88770) stockrider + stockriders + stockrider's
88771) stockriding + stockriding's
88772) switcheroo + switcheroos + switcheroo's
88773) takedown + takedowns + takedown's
88774) vitaceous
88775) vitagraph
88776) vitascope + vitascopes + vitascope's + vitascopic
88777) vitexin + vitexin's (Noun: uncountable)
88778) viticetum + viticetum's + viticeta + viticeta's
88779) vitiliginous
88780) vitrite + vitrites + vitrite's
88781) vocabularian + vocabularians + vocabularian's
88782) vocabulist + vocabulists + vocabulist's
88783) vocabulation + vocabulation's (Noun: usually uncountable)
88784) vocalion + vocalions + vocalion's
88785) voetganger + voetgangers + voetganger's
88786) vogesite + vogesite's (Noun: uncountable)
88787) voiture + voitures + voiture's
88788) voiturette + voiturettes + voiturette's
88789) voiturier + voituriers + voiturier's
88790) voiturin + voiturins + voiturin's
88791) volador + voladors + volador's
88792) voladora + voladoras + voladora's
88793) volante + volantes + volante's
88794) volatic

Thanks!

Tex2002ans commented 8 months ago

88763) compend + compends + compend's

I would say NO 's:

I think in that case, they'd just use the word "compendium's".

88764) complexus + complexuses + complexus's

I'd say NO -es.

Looks like "complexus", at least in the medical sense, is singluar + plural too.

(I added the "Century Dictionary" definitions to 1st post.)

I do see its usage in Google n-grams + in some Google Books... but many of the cases look to be an OCR error of "complex uses".

88778) viticetum + viticetum's + viticeta + viticeta's

I'd say NO viticeta.

It shows up in the dictionaries as a plural... but I see zero real-life usage.

All I see in Google Books is references back to the "Century Dictionary" + some foreign (Italian/Latin?) books.

marcoagpinto commented 8 months ago
  1. compend + compends + compend's

I would say NO 's:

* [Google n-grams: "compend" + "compends" + "compend's"](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=compend%2Ccompends%2Ccompend%27s&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoothing=3)

  * There is absolutely 0 usage of `'s` version.

I believe the 0 usage is because only my British dictionary has possessives for most words, so in other spellers, the 's would appear as a typo.

I think in that case, they'd just use the word "compendium's".

  1. complexus + complexuses + complexus's

I'd say NO -es.

Looks like "complexus", at least in the medical sense, is singluar + plural too.

(I added the "Century Dictionary" definitions to 1st post.)

I do see its usage in Google n-grams + in some of the Google Books... but many of the cases look to be an OCR error of "complex uses".

OK, I have removed "compluxuses".

  1. viticetum + viticetum's + viticeta + viticeta's

I'd say NO viticeta.

It shows up in the dictionaries as a plural... but I see zero real-life usage.

All I see in Google Books is references back to the "Century Dictionary" + some foreign (Italian/Latin?) books.

"viticeta" appears in dictionaries, so it is a valid word, right?

😛 😛 😛 😛 😛 😛 😛 😛

The usage depends on people.

Anyway, thank you very much for all the words suggestions… you make me remember Cyberknight which also suggested tons of words in a similar way to yours, but I haven't heard from him for many months and I hope he is well.

Tex2002ans commented 8 months ago

"viticeta" appears in dictionaries, so it is a valid word, right?

No. They can be wrong. :P

Especially in extremely rare cases like this, where they might cite/self-reference each other—("Hey, Dictionary X has it, so we should too... but rewrite the definition slightly!")—or it could be straight Latin.

Yes, we balance and weigh "showing up in the dictionary" very heavily... but as a spellchecker you have to take into account all surrounding context too! :P

Side Note: For more info on balancing "valid English words", read the fantastic:

The usage depends on people.

Sure. There are tons of foreign/magical words people start using. Doesn't mean it's valid English! :P

We've had some of this "balancing act" discussion before... lol. I err on the side of NOT adding in "every word under the sun".

One fascinating example I ran across 2 years ago was:

Before/After the Mexican-American War (~1846–1848) and the Spanish-American War (~1898), after the US took over Puerto Rico + the Philippines, American English began incorporating many more Spanish words.

renegado is Spanish. I'd argue it is not a valid English word and SHOULD NOT belong in the spellchecking dictionary.

Note: See:

Side Note: I actually ran across this because of the Century Dictionary's 1910 update—which added 2 whole Volumes of extra words.

Especially see the part I bolded in the 3rd paragraph.

Century Dictionary, Volume 11 (1910):

Prefactory Note

THE CENTURY DICTIONARY (1889–91) was much the largest collection of the words of the English language that had been published. In it the number of words and ‘phrases’ at that time defined in general dictionaries of English was increased by upward of one hundred and twenty thousand. This additional collection included not a few words which had appeared in special glossaries and technical dictionaries, but much the greater part of it was obtained by a systematic search through English literature, especially the literature of science and the arts. The labor and cost of effecting this very notable enlargement of the recorded English vocabulary have amply been justified by its utility to the many thousands of users of the book during the past twenty years.

The compilers of the CENTURY were, however, aware that a dictionary record, whatever might be its degree of completeness at the date of publication, would in the future need to be enlarged on account of the continuous and rapid increase of the vocabulary of English, both common and technical. It was, in particular, very obvious that in many branches of science and technology the coinage of new terms and the development of new meanings would proceed—as they have in fact done—at a greatly accelerated pace. Accordingly, the work of collection was not ended by the publication of the dictionary, but has been continued ever since.

The result of this labor is presented in these two volumes, which supplement the original work. They contain additional words, senses, and defined ‘phrases’ representing the increase in scientific and technological terminology, as well as in the ‘common’ vocabulary, during the past twenty-five years, and possessing a high degree of technical importance and general interest. During this period—a period probably more productive of neologisms than any other of the same length in the history of the language—not only have many special sciences, or branches of sciences, been created, and remarkable extensions of the older sciences been effected, but the practical arts also (with commerce, exploration, and the like) have found innumerable new applications, methods, and objects; and with all of these advances have come new vocabularies, often of great extent, or new uses of old terms, which the dictionary must record. It is necessary to mention only such topics as radioactivity, aëronautics, immunity and serumtherapy, experimental psychology, the recent studies in heredity and organic development, the advances in cytology and embryology, and the progress in telegraphy and electrical technology in general, in order to indicate the extent and importance of these accretions. Much the same is true of the increase in the vocabularies of scientific and practical agriculture, of physiological chemistry, of medicine, and of many other subjects, scientific or practical. It should also be noted that a very considerable number of foreign (Spanish, French, etc.) words (names of plants, fabrics, materials, implements, institutions, and so on), especially terms in use in Hawaii, the Philippines, Porto Rico, and Spanish America generally, have of late acquired a quasi-English value (or, at least, interest) which the dictionary must recognize. In addition, to this superabundant new growth there have also been included many-words and senses of earlier origin, and also extensions of many encyclopedic articles and definitions. The total number of words, senses, and ‘phrases’ thus collected and here defined is about one hundred thousand—an addition comparable to that made by the original edition of the dictionary. It should be added, however, that the words and forms included, great as their number is, are still a selection, made under the general rules stated in the preface to the original edition (Vol. I.), to which for this and other prefatory matter the reader is referred. Many chemical and mineralogical terms, for example, have been added, but, of course, not all; important New Latin names in zoölogy and botany have been admitted, but (relatively) only a few; the obvious derivatives (which—actual and possible—are many thousands in number) from names of families, orders, etc., in zoölogy and botany are, with a few exceptions, not given; and provincialisms (except Americanisms and Australianisms) and obsolete words and expressions have, as a rule, been excluded.

[...]

Since the Century Dictionary was published in that transitional time period (1880s->1920s), the new Spanish->American words/spellings/terms were still in flux.

Side Note 2: If you are interested in the building of dictionaries, you might also love this fantastic 2-part podcast episode:

where they went over the birth of the Oxford English Dictionary + fascinating history of William Chester Minor.

Side Note 3: On a related note, you might also be very interested in this podcast episode:

where John McWhorter (Lexicographer) discusses "How Cuban Spanish has affected the way people speak English".

Because of Florida being filled with tons of Spanish-first/English-second speakers, a lot of their words/phrases are leaking into the English language. For example, he described:

because the Spanish usage derives from "stepping down from a carriage"... so many ESL speakers there are backporting their Spanish-isms into English.

Anyway, thank you very much for all the words suggestions…

No problem. :)

you make me remember Cyberknight which also suggested tons of words in a similar way to yours, but I haven't heard from him for many months and I hope he is well.

Nice. Maybe you should contact him again and see what he's up to. :)

marcoagpinto commented 8 months ago

Heya,

I have just removed "viticeta".

Thanks!