Add `--minor` and `--patch` options

[dylnclrk]

Motivation

As discussed in #20, we would like a way to limit the risk of batch updates. The options --minor and --patch could be used to limit gem updates to the highest patch or minor level, which should mean no breaking changes.

Solution

Add the minor and patch options

Todo

• [ ] 🐞 Debug: this doesn't seem to be working when I run it locally
• [ ] 🧪 Figure out a way to test calls to system in bundler_commands_test.rb like the expect_backticks helper. Add tests for BundlerCommands.update_gems_conservatively.
• [ ] 🧪 Add a fixture + integration test to clearly test the patch/minor options (test/bundle_update_interactive_test.rb)
• [ ] 🧹 Review bundler docs and adjust our documentation to communicate that minor/patch level updates will be prioritized (but not guaranteed, I think because of sub-dependencies)
• [ ] 🧹 Tidy the passing around of level in report.rb, is there a better way?
• [ ] 🧹 Tidy to remove rubocop disabling in cli/options.rb

[mattbrictson]

@dylnclrk FYI, there are a few recent and forthcoming changes to the codebase that might help out this PR.

Figure out a way to test calls to system in bundler_commands_test.rb

42 introduces an example of this.

Add a fixture + integration test to clearly test the patch/minor options.

If you want to go full end-to-end on these tests, a new pattern of integration test was added in #41 and will be expanded in #42.

Tidy the passing around of level in report.rb, is there a better way?

I think so! The reporting and bundle-updating concerns are being consolidated into an Updater class in #42. That should be one place where level lives; no more need to pass it around, I think.