feat: Added `SQLConnector.prepare_primary_key` for target to implement for custom table primary key adaptation

[edgarrmondragon]

TODO:

• [x] Docs
• [x] Tests

Closes https://github.com/meltano/sdk/issues/2729

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://meltano-sdk--2730.org.readthedocs.build/en/2730/

[codspeed-hq[bot]]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #2730 will not alter performance

_{Comparing 2729-feat-extend-the-sql-connector-api-to-support-adapting-to-primary-key-changes (df73e05) with main (9231412)}

Summary

✅ 6 untouched benchmarks

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 90.71%. Comparing base (9231412) to head (df73e05). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #2730 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 90.70% 90.71% ======================================= Files 62 62 Lines 5016 5021 +5 Branches 641 641 ======================================= + Hits 4550 4555 +5 Misses 325 325 Partials 141 141 ```

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