tamamatammy
commented
1 year ago Hi, This is the categories that we have defined for metadata at Coinbase. It is a dynamic list where new categories can be added in the future
Closed dongyi1991 closed 1 year ago
tamamatammy
commented
1 year ago Hi, This is the categories that we have defined for metadata at Coinbase. It is a dynamic list where new categories can be added in the future
beingzy
commented
1 year ago Hey, Team @daerae @zhanwu I really enjoy reading the taxonomy design provided by Coinbase team. It is the most comprehensive and systematic one which I had encountered up to his point. However, I have some questions when imagine ourselves using it in practice:
Q1: Is the taxonomy for general services or crypto addresses/accounts? Some categories, like "Streaming" and "Website," seem more appropriate for URLs.
Q2: Can a crypto address have multiple categories? For instance, can an address be "Active on Polygon" and "Active on Optimism"?
Q3: Are some categories redundant? "High Risk" may be duplicative of "Scam" and "Ransom." Suggestions: add a risk level to each category or rename "High Risk" to "High Risk, Other."
Above are just my two cents :)
zhanwu
commented
1 year ago @tamamatammy is our expert, I would defer these questions to her. But providing some of my understanding anyway:
Q2: Can a crypto address have multiple categories? For instance, can an address be "Active on Polygon" and "Active on Optimism"?
yes, I believe current design of our taxonomy is an address can have multiple categories. Any two categories are not mutually exclusive.
Q3: Are some categories redundant? "High Risk" may be duplicative of "Scam" and "Ransom." Suggestions: add a risk level to each category or rename "High Risk" to "High Risk, Other."
yes, I think there is redundancy
dongyi1991
commented
1 year ago This is the categories of Go+’s meta data. （Copy from PR#43）
| Categories Items | Description |
|---|---|
| Address Related to Honeypot | It describes whether this address is related to honeypot tokens or has created scam tokens. |
| Phishing Activities | It describes whether this address has implemented phishing activities. |
| Black Mail Activities | It describes whether this address has implemented blackmail activities. |
| Stealing Attack | It describes whether this address has implemented stealing attacks. |
| Fake KYC | It describes whether this address is involved in fake KYC. |
| Malicious Mining Activities | It describes whether this address is involved in malicious mining activities. |
| Darkweb Transactions | It describes whether this address is involved in darkweb transactions. |
| Cybercrime | It describes whether this address is involved in cybercrime. |
| Money Laundering | It describes whether this address is involved in money laundering. |
| Financial Crime | It describes whether this address is involved in financial crime. |
| Mixer | It describes whether this address is coin mixer address. |
| Sanctioned | It describes whether this address is coin sanctioned address. |
| Other | It describes whether this address is suspected of malicious behavior. |
beingzy
commented
1 year ago I would like to propose a modification to the consensus taxonomy by combining Coinbase's, Chaintool's and Go+'s taxonomies to create a more comprehensive and unified taxonomy.
To organizing categories, I suggest introducing collections that group categories sharing common traits from a certain perspective into a new "hierarchical" structure. However, it is not really hierarchical for that people will not need to assign a crypto addresses to any collections.
| Proposed common taxonomy: (notices: I use ChatGPT to generate "EXAMPLE" to facilitate understanding of each categories. we could decide if keep this column in the official proposal) | INDEX | COLLECTION | CATEGORY | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Address Attributes | Cold Storage | an offline wallet used to securely store large amounts of cryptocurrency for extended periods of time. | Ledger Nano X | |
| 2 | Address Attributes | Hot wallet | an online wallet that offers easy and quick access to cryptocurrency funds for everyday use. | Coinbase Wallet | |
| 3 | Address Attributes | Deprecated | a smart contract that is no lonåger in use and has been deprecated by the protocol or development team. | EIP-20 | |
| 4 | Address Attributes | Multisig | an address that requires approval from multiple parties to access cryptocurrency funds, providing an additional layer of security. Commonly used by exchanges and institutional investors. | Gnosis Safe Multisig | |
| 5 | Address Attributes | Vault | a smart contract-based system that automatically invests cryptocurrency funds to generate yield for users, commonly used in decentralized finance (DeFi) applications and managed by the protocol or community. | Yearn Finance Vault | |
| 6 | Address Attributes | Vulnerable | an address whose private keys have been compromised or are publicly available, exposing it to the risk of unauthorized access or theft. | Mt. Gox hack victim | |
| 7 | Address Attributes | Smart Contract | an address used by developers or teams to deploy smart contracts on a blockchain for decentralized applications or other projects. | Uniswap | |
| 8 | Business | NFT | an address controlled by an NFT marketplace that facilitates the buying, selling, or trading of non-fungible tokens. | OpenSea | |
| 9 | Business | DEX | an address or wallet used in decentralized exchanges to facilitate peer-to-peer trading of cryptocurrencies without a central authority. | Uniswap | |
| 10 | Business | CEX | A centralized exchange (CEX) that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies in exchange for fiat or other cryptocurrencies. | Binance | |
| 11 | Business | ATM | related to a cryptocurrency ATM that allows users to buy or sell cryptocurrencies using cash or debit/credit cards. | Bitcoin Depot | |
| 12 | Business | Auction | related to an auction that can be held by a variety of entities, including law enforcement agencies (LEA). | US Marshals Service Bitcoin Auction | |
| 13 | Business | Gambling | related to a gambling website that allows users to place bets on various games using cryptocurrencies. | Bitcasino.io | |
| 14 | Business | Gaming | related to a gaming platform or game that allows users to buy, sell or trade digital assets or in-game items. | Axie Infinity | |
| 15 | Business | LE (Law Enforcement) | An address or wallet certified to belong to a law enforcement agency (LE). | FBI | |
| 16 | Business | Lending | related to lending or borrowing activities in the crypto space, such as those belonging to lending platforms or peer-to-peer lending services. | BlockFi, Celsius Network, Aave, Compound, Nexo | |
| 17 | Business | Merchant | addresses or wallets that are associated with merchants who accept payment in cryptocurrencies. | Overstock.com, Starbucks, Tesla, Microsoft | |
| 18 | Business | Mixer | addresses or wallets that are associated with crypto mixers or tumblers, which are services that mix multiple transactions together in order to obfuscate the origin of the funds. | Wasabi Wallet, Samurai Wallet, CoinJoin | |
| 19 | Business | Payment Processor | related to a business that facilitates transactions between buyers and sellers using cryptocurrency as payment. | BitPay | |
| 20 | Business | Business or Services, Other | related to a business or service that operates within the crypto ecosystem but does not fit into any of the other categories. | Crypto tax service provider | |
| 21 | Business | Token Team | an address or wallet that is controlled by the team responsible for creating and maintaining a particular cryptocurrency token. | Ethereum Foundation | |
| 22 | Business | Weapons | an address or wallet that is involved in the sale or exchange of weapons using cryptocurrency. | DarkMarket | |
| 23 | Business | Marketplace Aggregator | related to a business or service that consolidates data from multiple decentralized exchanges or NFT markets in order to provide users with a comprehensive view of the market. | 1inch | |
| 24 | Business | L2 | an address or wallet associated with a layer 2 scaling solution built on top of the Ethereum network. | Polygon | |
| 25 | Business | Insurance | related to A business or service that provides insurance coverage for cryptocurrency assets stored on the blockchain. | Nexus Mutual | |
| 26 | Business | Asset Management | related to A business or service that manages cryptocurrency assets on behalf of clients. | Grayscale Investments | |
| 27 | Business | Streaming | related to A business or service that provides streaming media content using cryptocurrency payments. | Livepeer | |
| 28 | Business | Infra | related to A business or service that provides infrastructure services to support the operation of blockchain networks. | Infura | |
| 29 | Business | Oracle | related to A service that provides off-chain data to smart contracts. Oracles allow smart contracts to interact with external data sources, making them more versatile and useful. | Chainlink | |
| 30 | Business | Dao | related to A DAO is an organization that is run by rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts. | MakerDAO | |
| 31 | Business | Yield | related to a yield service allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrency deposits. | Aave | |
| 32 | Business | Wallet | A wallet is a software or hardware device used to store cryptocurrency private keys and sign transactions. | MetaMask | |
| 33 | Business | Fund | A fund is an entity that pools capital from multiple investors and uses it to invest in a variety of assets, including cryptocurrencies. | Grayscale Bitcoin Trust | |
| 34 | Business | Derivatives | A derivatives entity is an organization that specializes in trading cryptocurrency derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps. | Deribit | |
| 35 | Business | E-Commerce | An e-commerce entity is an organization that uses cryptocurrency as a payment method for goods and services. | Overstock.com | |
| 36 | Business | Identity | An identity entity is an organization that provides on-chain identity-related products, such as decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials. | uPort | |
| 37 | Business | Mining Pool | An organization that brings together multiple miners to collectively mine cryptocurrency. | F2Pool, Slush Pool, BTC.com | |
| 38 | Business | Liquid Staking | Companies that allow users to stake their PoS tokens and receive liquid staking derivatives in exchange. | Staked, Lido, Ankr, StakeWise | |
| 39 | Business | Payments | associated with companies providing on-chain payment processing services, allowing users to send and receive cryptocurrency payments on the blockchain. | BitPay, Coinbase Commerce | |
| 40 | Business | Sidechain | associated with sidechain solutions built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, allowing developers to deploy decentralized applications with increased throughput and scalability. | Polygon, xDai | |
| 41 | Business | Router | associated with router services that allow users to swap tokens across multiple liquidity pools. | 1inch, Uniswap | |
| 42 | Business | Coinswapper | associated with services that allow users to swap one cryptocurrency for another without requiring users to deposit funds into the service wallet first. | ShapeShift, Changelly | |
| 43 | Business | Sport | associated with sport-related products or services, including fantasy sports, sports betting, and collectibles. | NBA Top Shot, Sorare | |
| 44 | Business | Privacy (not Mixer) | associated with products or services that provide privacy solutions on the blockchain. | Tornado Cash, Incognito | |
| 45 | Business | Validator | associated with validators that help secure Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain networks. | Staked, Figment Networks | |
| 46 | Business | Charity | controlled by an organization that accepts crypto donations for charitable causes | The Giving Block | |
| 47 | Business | Donation | controlled by an organization that accepts crypto donations for any purpose | Red Cross | |
| 48 | Business | Deployer | Addresses that has been used to deploy smart contracts | OpenZeppelin Smart Contract SDK | |
| 49 | Business | Company Funds | Addresses managed by companies, projects or foundations, which are usually used for treasury management, paying salaries or other expenses | ConsenSys | |
| 50 | Business | Eth 2 staker | Addresses that have staked Ether at the Ethereum 2.0 Beacon Chain to help secure the network and earn rewards | Prysmatic Labs | |
| 51 | Business | Yield Farming | Addresses used for yield farming strategies where users can deposit cryptocurrencies to earn rewards and/or fees on a decentralized platform | SushiSwap | |
| 52 | Business | Ico | Addresses used to receive funds during an initial coin offering (ICO) or other crowdfunding mechanisms | EOS | |
| 53 | Business | Stablecoin | Addresses used for stablecoin projects, including centralized and decentralized stablecoins | Tether | |
| 54 | Business | Staking | Addresses used for staking, where users can lock up their cryptocurrency to help secure a network and earn rewards | Tezos | |
| 55 | Business | Token Sale | Addresses used during a token sale where users can buy tokens at an initial price, including initial coin offerings (ICO) and initial dex offerings (IDO) | Uniswap | |
| 56 | Business | Defi | Addresses used for decentralized finance (DeFi) projects, including decentralized exchanges, yield farming, lending, and more | Aave | |
| 57 | Business | Advertising | Addresses used for advertising-related activities in the crypto environment. | Google Ads, Facebook Ads | |
| 58 | Business | Energy | Addresses used by entities that are bringing energy-related products into the blockchain. | WePower | |
| 59 | Business Practice | FIAT | Addresses controlled by businesses that allow customers to trade fiat currencies. | Coinbase, Binance | |
| 60 | Business Practice | KYC | Used for exchanges or other service that require customers to provide a valid ID document to trade fiat-to-crypto or crypto-to-crypto. | Coinbase, Gemini | |
| 61 | Business Practice | NO KYC | Used for exchanges or other service that do not require customers to provide a valid ID document to trade fiat-to-crypto or crypto-to-crypto. | LocalBitcoins, Bisq | |
| 62 | Risky Activities or Status | Darknet | Addresses belonging to services hosted on the dark web, or being involved in dark web transactions. | Silk Road, AlphaBay | |
| 63 | Risky Activities or Status | Money Laundering | Addresses certified belonging to money laundering activities. | Liberty Reserve | |
| 64 | Risky Activities or Status | Malware | Addresses belonging to malware campaigns. | WannaCry ransomware, Emotet malware | |
| 65 | Risky Activities or Status | Ransom | addresses that have been identified as being involved in ransomware attacks. | WannaCry ransomware campaign | |
| 66 | Risky Activities or Status | Scam | addresses that have been identified as being involved in fraudulent activities or scams. | PlusToken scam | |
| 67 | Risky Activities or Status | Terrorism | addresses that have been identified as being involved in financing terrorism. | ISIS | |
| 68 | Risky Activities or Status | Theft | addresses that have been identified as being involved in theft or hacking of cryptocurrencies. | Cryptopia hack | |
| 69 | Risky Activities or Status | Sanctioned | addresses that have been sanctioned by some government in the world (excluding the US). | Al-Qassam Brigades | |
| 70 | Risky Activities or Status | Phishing | Addresses related to phishing scams | N/A | |
| 71 | Risky Activities or Status | Ponzi | Addresses related to Ponzi schemes | N/A | |
| 72 | Risky Activities or Status | Spam | Addresses related to spamming | N/A | |
| 73 | Risky Activities or Status | Fake KYC | Addresses related to fake KYC procedures | BitMax.io | |
| 74 | Risky Activities or Status | Malicious Mining Activities | Addresses used for mining cryptocurrencies with malware or botnets | N/A | |
| 75 | Risky Activities or Status | Financial Crime, Other | Addresses related to financial crimes such as money laundering, fraud, and tax evasion | N/A | |
| 76 | Risky Activities or Status | Cybercrime | Addresses related to cybercrimes such as hacking, data theft, and ransomware | N/A | |
| 77 | Risky Activities or Status | Honeypot | Addresses related to fake tokens or ICOs that are designed to scam investors or traders | CryptoScamX | |
| 78 | Risky Activities or Status | Black Mail Activities | Addresses that threaten to reveal sensitive information or personal data in exchange for ransom payments | CryptoBlackmailers | |
| 79 | Risky Activities or Status | Constrainted by Services | Addresses that have been restricted or blocked from using centralized or decentralized exchanges due to suspicious activities or high risk status | RestrictedCrypto | |
| 80 | Risky Activities or Status | High Risk, Other | Addresses that are associated with suspicious, fraudulent, or illigal activities that are not covered by other categories | RiskyCrypto | |
| 81 | Smart Contract | Dapp, Other | Addresses used by decentralized applications (dApps) to interact with smart contracts and blockchain networks | Uniswap | |
| 82 | Smart Contract | Bridging | Addresses used by platforms or projects that provide interoperability solutions to connect different blockchain networks | ChainBridge | |
| 83 | Smart Contract | Multichain | Addresses used by platforms or projects that enable communication and transfer of assets between multiple blockchain networks | Cosmos | |
| 84 | Smart Contract | Factory Contract | Smart contracts used to create and deploy multiple instances of other smart contracts | OpenZeppelin | |
| 85 | Smart Contract | Fraud Proof | Smart contracts used to prove fraudulent activities or invalid state transitions on layer 2 protocols | OptimismFraudProof | |
| 86 | Smart Contract | Genesis | Genesis addresses used to mint/burn | Genesis | |
| 87 | Smart Contract | Mev Bot | Addresses used by MEV bots for transaction extraction and prioritization | Archer DAO | |
| 88 | Smart Contract | Proxy | Contract that acts as a proxy to another contract and is used to upgrade the logic of the target contract without changing its address | OpenZeppelin Proxy |
| Removed categories (from Coinbase's): | CATEGORY | DESCRIPTION | COMMENTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freelance | Freelance / gig seeker address | ||
| Forum | Crypto related forum | ||
| Username | Used for tags harvested on forums | ||
| Website | Website involving crypto topics (coinmarketcap as example) | ||
| L1 | Alternative smart contract L1 to Ethereum | It seems to describe alernatve blockchain networks | |
| Meme | Meme entity | ||
| Degen | User having good crypto trading profits | this definition is too subjective ("good" how to define) | |
| Maker vault | Owner of a makerDAO vault | too specific, not general enough to be used to describe a substantial number of addresses | |
| Multisig Owner | Multisig Owner | seems to be duplicative of "Multisig" (collection: address attributes) | |
| Open Grantee | Received grant from Open | ||
| Market | Marketplace accepting cryptocurrencies (when is followed by darknet it means the market is available on darknet) | to general, may overlapping with exchange, and business type | |
| Individual | address/wallet connected to an individual person | ||
| masternode | masternode on the DASH network | too specific | |
| Erc20 token | Erc20 token | wether a crypto address contain a ERC-20 token? | |
| Erc721 token | Erc721 token | ||
| Erc1155 token | Erc1155 token | ||
| Core Address | Core address used in core address clustering heuristic | lack of consenuss, it is identified by a specific algorithm/heuristics | |
| Gitcoin grantee | Received gitcoin grant | too specific | |
| Grant receiver | Received at least one grant | ||
| Parity Bug | Parity bug contract | too specific, with too few address could be labelled with it? | |
| Sybil Delegate | Addresses voted as delegate on Sybil platform | ||
| Writer | On-chain writer | owner's profession | |
| Governance | Address ever participated to governance of a dapp | ||
| White Hat | White hat hacker who gave back funds | ||
| Active on Polygon | Address is active also on Polygon | what is definition of being "active" | |
| Active on Optimism | Address is active also on Optimism | ||
| Active on Arbitrum | Address is active also on Arbitrum | ||
| Active on BSC | Address is active also on BSC | ||
| Active on Fantom | Address is active also on Fantom | ||
| Active on Avalanche | Address is active also on Avalanche | ||
| Contract | Address is a smart contract | duplicative | |
| Miner | Automatically assigned by algos whenever an address receive Coinbase generated coins transactions | removed, seems to be narrowly used |
beingzy
commented
1 year ago @tamamatammy @zhanwu @dongyi1991 please, review this above common taxonomy proposal. Feel free to let me know if there is any modification we have to make. I created a notion page to elaborate this effort: https://leozc.notion.site/Taxonomy-1f26caae2bcd487baad749c3d3214e35
zhanwu
commented
1 year ago Common taxonomy is now codified under https://github.com/openchainmeta/chainmetareader/blob/main/chainmeta_reader/config/categories.json
This is the taxonomy of Chaintool’s meta data.