Fix libtpms <-> SymCrypt provider compatibility

Merge Checklist

All boxes should be checked before merging the PR (just tick any boxes which don't apply to this PR)

[x] The toolchain has been rebuilt successfully (or no changes were made to it)
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[x] Ready to merge

Summary

Recent testing found an incompatibility between libtpms and the SymCrypt provider. Version 0.9.6 of libtpms is using the old OpenSSL APIs and does not export the RSA key primes as part of RSA private key export. SymCrypt expects these primes to import the RSA private key. This PR adds a patch to libtpms to export the expected primes.

The latest changes to libtpms appear to fix this issue and update to the OpenSSL 3 APIs, so this patch is only necessary until those changes make it to release.

Change Log

Add patch to fix compatibility between libtpms and the SymCrypt provider

Does this affect the toolchain?

Test Methodology

Local build. Confirmed bug is no repro
Buddy Build: https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=593381&view=results

microsoft / azurelinux