Add clang formatting script to auto-format C++ files to our lint standards

[rockett-m]

Affected Branch

trunk

Basic Diagnostics

• [X] I've pulled the latest changes on the affected branch and the issue is still present.

• [X] The issue is reproducible in docker

Description

In order to reproduce the issue, follow these steps:

1. clone
2. # ./scripts/install-build-tools.sh
3. $ ./scripts/setup-dependencies.sh
4. $ ./scripts/build.sh
5. $ ./scripts/lint.sh                # to see all the linting errors
6. $ ./scripts/clang-format.sh        # to auto-fix linting errors

This will let developers format their c++ code before submitting and also cuts down on the time it will take our github workflow lint stage to run (as there will be much fewer style errors.

The first 3 calls of the ./scripts/lint.sh function will be much faster with the current warnings taken care of.

• whitespace check
• newline check
• clang format check

Code of Conduct

• [X] I agree to follow this project's Code of Conduct

[rockett-m]

Edit: clang18/14 clash in mac. resolved...details in #294